|
Exposure
|
Unadjustedb
|
Covariate-adjustedc
|
|---|
|
First trimester PM2.5
| | |
|
Q1 (3.1–9.3 μg/m3)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
|
Q2 (9.3–10.4 μg/m3)
|
0.95 (0.88, 1.03)
|
1.00 (0.93, 1.09)
|
|
Q3 (10.4–11.5 μg/m3)
|
0.91 (0.84, 0.98)
|
0.97 (0.89, 1.05)
|
|
Q4 (11.5–17.1 μg/m3)
|
0.92 (0.85, 1.00)
|
1.00 (0.92, 1.09)
|
|
10–90 percentile range (4.3 μg/m3)
|
0.92 (0.86, 0.99)
|
1.01 (0.93, 1.09)
|
|
Second trimester PM2.5
| | |
|
Q1 (1.3–9.2 μg/m3)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
|
Q2 (9.2–10.4 μg/m3)
|
0.98 (0.91, 1.06)
|
1.04 (0.96, 1.13)
|
|
Q3 (10.4–11.6 μg/m3)
|
0.90 (0.83, 0.97)
|
0.95 (0.88, 1.03)
|
|
Q4 (11.6–19.3 μg/m3)
|
0.98 (0.9, 1.05)
|
0.99 (0.91, 1.08)
|
|
10–90 percentile range (4.5 μg/m3)
|
0.96 (0.89, 1.03)
|
0.97 (0.90, 1.05)
|
|
Traffic densityd
| | |
|
Q1 (0–280)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
|
Q2 (280–744)
|
1.02 (0.95, 1.10)
|
1.04 (0.96, 1.12)
|
|
Q3 (744–1,636)
|
0.99 (0.91, 1.07)
|
1.01 (0.93, 1.10)
|
|
Q4 (1,636–37,306)
|
1.01 (0.93, 1.09)
|
1.03 (0.95, 1.12)
|
|
10–90 percentile range (2,799)
|
1.00 (0.96, 1.04)
|
1.00 (0.97, 1.04)
|
-
aAdjusted for maternal characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, education, prenatal insurance, smoking habits), census tract characteristics (median household income, percent open space, and median value of owner occupied housing), and timing of birth (season and date)
-
bSample sizes for unadjusted analyses were 158,894 for associations of first trimester PM2.5, 158,899 for second trimester PM2.5, and 159, 373 for traffic density
-
cSample sizes for covariate-adjusted analyses were 158,613 for associations of first trimester PM2.5, 158,618 for second trimester PM2.5, and 159,025 for traffic density
-
dVehicles/day x km of road within 100 m of residential address
