|
Exposure
|
<20 yearsb
|
20- < 35 yearsc
|
≥35 yearsd
|
|---|
|
First trimester PM2.5
| | | |
|
Q1 (3.1–9.3 μg/m3)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
|
Q2 (9.3–10.4 μg/m3)
|
0.84 (0.55, 1.29)
|
0.98 (0.89, 1.08)
|
1.08 (0.93, 1.26)
|
|
Q3 (10.4–11.5 μg/m3)
|
0.81 (0.52, 1.26)
|
0.96 (0.87, 1.06)
|
0.99 (0.85, 1.17)
|
|
Q4 (11.5–17.1 μg/m3)
|
0.72 (0.46, 1.13)
|
0.94 (0.85, 1.04)
|
1.18 (1.00, 1.39)
|
|
10–90%ile range (4.3 μg/m3)
|
0.78 (0.51, 1.88)
|
0.95 (0.87, 1.04)
|
1.16 (1.00, 1.35)
|
|
Second trimester PM2.5
| | | |
|
Q1 (1.3–9.2 μg/m3)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
|
Q2 (9.2–10.4 μg/m3)
|
2.12 (1.27, 3.53)
|
1.03 (0.94, 1.13)
|
1.00 (0.86, 1.16)
|
|
Q3 (10.4–11.6 μg/m3)
|
2.00 (1.19, 3.36)
|
0.95 (0.86, 1.05)
|
0.89 (0.76, 1.04)
|
|
Q4 (11.6–19.3 μg/m3)
|
1.97 (1.17, 3.32)
|
1.01 (0.91, 1.11)
|
0.88 (0.75, 1.04)
|
|
10–90%ile range (4.5 μg/m3)
|
1.76 (1.16, 2.69)
|
0.99 (0.90, 1.08)
|
0.88 (0.76, 1.03)
|
|
Traffic densitye
| | | |
|
Q1 (0–280)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
1.00 (reference)
|
|
Q2 (280–744)
|
1.34 (0.83, 2.17)
|
1.02 (0.92, 1.12)
|
1.07 (0.92, 1.24)
|
|
Q3 (744–1,636)
|
1.12 (0.68, 1.84)
|
1.01 (0.91, 1.11)
|
1.02 (0.87, 1.19)
|
|
Q4 (1,636–37,306)
|
0.92 (0.55, 1.56)
|
1.04 (0.95, 1.15)
|
1.01 (0.86, 1.19)
|
|
10–90%ile range (2,799)
|
0.80 (0.58, 1.11)
|
1.01 (0.97, 1.06)
|
0.99 (0.92, 1.06)
|
-
aAdjusted for maternal characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, education, prenatal insurance, smoking habits), census tract characteristics (median household income, percent open space, and median value of owner occupied housing), and timing of birth (season and date)
-
bSample sizes for analyses of women < 20 years of age were 14,928 for associations of first trimester PM2.5, 14,929 for second trimester PM2.5, and 14,974 for traffic density
-
cSample sizes for analyses of women 20- < 35 years of age were 117,029 for associations of first trimester PM2.5, 117,031 for second trimester PM2.5, and 117,333 for traffic density
-
dSample sizes for analyses of women > 35 years of age were 26,656 for associations of first trimester PM2.5, 26,658 for second trimester PM2.5, and 26,718 for traffic density
-
eVehicles/day x km of road within 100 m of residential address
