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Table 4 Daily urinary metal excretion (in μg/day) in pregnant women with or without preeclampsia in Kinshasa

From: Preeclampsia and toxic metals: a case-control study in Kinshasa, DR Congo

 

Control (N = 88)

Preeclamptic (N = 88)

Fold diff.

P #

Upper reference limit NHANESa,b

24 h diuresis (mL)

1,182 (925-1,415)

907 (695-1,100)

 

<0 · 001

N/A

Li

7 · 17 (3 · 68-13 · 3)

5 · 98 (3 · 76-8 · 56)

0 · 9

0 · 10

 

Al

63 · 0 (21 · 5-220)

113 (46-352)

1 · 8

0 · 009

60 · 8

V

1 · 64 (1 · 00-2 · 50)

1 · 78 (1 · 02-2 · 99)

1 · 1

0 · 43

 

Cr

1 · 00 (0 · 37-3 · 39)

3 · 89 (0 · 81-20 · 1)

3 · 9

<0 · 001

6 · 7

Mn

10 · 5 (2 · 38-29 · 0)

37 · 9 (4 · 4-274)

3 · 6

0 · 001

 

Co

0 · 61 (0 · 24-1 · 73)

1 · 76 (0 · 67-4 · 01)

2 · 9

<0 · 001

 

Ni

4 · 71 (2 · 47-10 · 2)

11 · 8 (5 · 29-20 · 8)

2 · 5

<0 · 001

10 · 7

Cu

39 · 2 (11 · 2-140 · 1)

193 (64-530)

4 · 9

<0 · 001

148 · 0

Zn

714 (194-1,074)

4,993 (916-32,094)

7 · 0

<0 · 001

1657 · 5

As

30 · 5 (15 · 0-59 · 3)

40 · 0 (23 · 3-78 · 7)

1 · 3

0 · 051

70 · 7

Se

31 · 0 (17 · 8-63 · 3)

38 · 0 (20 · 7-62 · 4)

1 · 2

0 · 15

 

Mo

15 · 1 (8 · 0-33 · 8)

16 · 3 (7 · 4-31 · 1)

1 · 1

0 · 64

 

Cd

0 · 61 (0 · 32-0 · 78)

1 · 51 (0 · 59-2 · 73)

2 · 5

<0 · 001

2 · 1

Sn

1 · 42 (0 · 51-3 · 05)

9 · 22 (1 · 78-45 · 6)

6 · 5

<0 · 001

 

Sb

0 · 52 (0 · 14-1 · 66)

1 · 66 (0 · 62-5 · 69)

3 · 2

<0 · 001

 

Te

0 · 12 (0 · 07-0 · 21)

0 · 19 (0 · 09-0 · 23)

1 · 6

0 · 018

 

Ba

13 · 3 (5 · 9-28 · 9)

29 · 6 (6 · 6-93 · 7)

2 · 2

0 · 001

 

Tl

0 · 26 (0 · 15-0 · 50)

0 · 30 (0 · 20-0 · 49)

1 · 2

0 · 22

<LOD

Pb

9 · 09 (3 · 15-20 · 5)

60 · 9 (8 · 3-345)

6 · 7

<0 · 001

8 · 0

U

0 · 05 (0 · 02-0 · 12)

0 · 07 (0 · 03-0 · 13)

1 · 5

0 · 023

 
  1. Data shown are geometric means (25th-75th percentile) of 24 h excreted quantities in μg/day
  2. # P-values obtained by contrasting preeclamptic patients and controls in a one-way ANOVA on log-transformed values
  3. aUpper reference limit in μg/day for the general US population according to NHANES, the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, data from Komaromy-Hiller et al. [14] (P87 · 5)
  4. bNo data expressed in μg/day are available for Belgium