Table 4 Multi-area LUR models for PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, PM10, PMcoarse, PNC and LDSA
Pollutant | N | Model | Model | Measures of spatial autocorrelation | LOOCV | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adj R2 | R2 | RMSE | P-value of association of residuals with area | Moran’s I (p-value) | R2 | RMSE | |||
PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 74 | PM2.5 = −13.2 + PM25_2010 * 1.81 + MAJROADLENGTH_25 * 0.0478 + URBGREEN_5000 * -0.000000521 + TRAFMAJOR * 0.0000515 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 2.0 | 0.4530 | −0.0558 (0.7222) | 0.50 | 2.2 |
PM2.5 absorbance (10−5 m−1) | 74 | PM2.5abs = 4.75 + Area_GE * 0.559 + Area_LU * 0.626 + Area_WA * 0.369 + MAJROADLENGTH_25 * 0.00564 + LOG_ALT * -0.715 + HEAVYTRAFLOAD_150 * 0.00000108 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.18 | 1.0000 | 0.1500 (0.1684) | 0.77 | 0.19 |
PM10 (μg/m3) | 74 | PM10 = −19.2 + PM10_2010 * 2.02 + MAJROADLENGTH_25 * 0.0707 + URBGREEN_5000 * -0.00000092 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 2.5 | 0.1012 | 0.123 (0.2494) | 0.59 | 2.6 |
PMcoarse (μg/m3) | 74 | PMcoarse = −0.69 + PM10_2010 * 0.337 + TRAFMAJORLOAD_75 * 0.000000413 + NATURAL_1000 * -0.00000182 + | 0.43 | 0.45 | 1.5 | 0.0551 | 0.125 (0.242) | 0.38 | 1.6 |
PNC (particles/cm3) | 67 | PNC = 7805 + Area_GE * 4270 + Area_LU * 5895 + Area_WA * ‘2388 + TRAFLOAD_250 * 0.000110 + ROADLENGTH_100 * 4.26 + MAJROADLENGTH_50 * 19.9 + UGNL_1000 * -0.00273 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 1991 | 1.0000 | −0.0663 (0.7059) | 0.82 | 2255 |
LDSA (μm2/cm3) | 67 | LDSA = 29.9 + Area_GE * 9.17 + Area_LU * 17.3 + Area_WA * 0.502 + MAJROADLENGTH_250 * 0.00317 + ROADLENGTH_100 * 0.0094 + TRAFNEAR * 0.000199 + ALT * -0.0257 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 3.8 | 1.0000 | −0.0434 (0.8349) | 0.87 | 4.2 |