Table 1 Characteristics of NBDPS hypospadias cases and controls with estimated atrazine exposure, 1998-2005
Cases | Controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | N | % | Missing | N | % | Missing |
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
State of residence ** | 0 | 0 | ||||
Arkansas | 49 | 39.8 | 85 | 20.5 | ||
Iowa | 17 | 13.8 | 103 | 24.8 | ||
Texas | 8 | 6.5 | 101 | 24.3 | ||
North Carolina | 49 | 39.8 | 126 | 30.4 | ||
Maternal age | 0 | 0 | ||||
<20 | 10 | 8.1 | 43 | 10.4 | ||
20-24 | 27 | 22.0 | 89 | 21.5 | ||
25-29 | 25 | 20.3 | 118 | 28.4 | ||
30-34 | 42 | 34.2 | 105 | 25.3 | ||
≥35 | 19 | 15.5 | 60 | 14.5 | ||
Maternal race/ethnicity** | 0 | 0 | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 94 | 76.4 | 242 | 58.3 | ||
Non-Hispanic black | 16 | 13.0 | 32 | 7.7 | ||
Hispanic | 8 | 6.5 | 106 | 25.5 | ||
Other | 5 | 4.1 | 35 | 8.4 | ||
Maternal education** | 0 | 0 | ||||
<High school | 5 | 4.1 | 86 | 20.7 | ||
High school | 30 | 24.4 | 111 | 26.8 | ||
>High school | 88 | 71.5 | 218 | 52.5 | ||
Previous pregnancies** | 0 | 0 | ||||
No | 55 | 44.7 | 122 | 29.4 | ||
Yes | 68 | 55.3 | 293 | 70.6 | ||
Plurality* | 0 | 0 | ||||
Singleton birth | 114 | 92.7 | 405 | 97.6 | ||
Multiple birth | 9 | 7.3 | 10 | 2.4 | ||
Behavioral characteristics | ||||||
Private well use | 2 | 9 | ||||
No | 85 | 70.3 | 292 | 71.9 | ||
Yes | 36 | 29.7 | 114 | 28.1 | ||
Reported water consumption+ | 0 | 0 | ||||
0 glasses | 3 | 2.4 | 22 | 5.3 | ||
1-4 glasses | 77 | 62.6 | 217 | 52.3 | ||
5 or more glasses | 43 | 35.0 | 176 | 42.4 | ||
Residential filtered tap water | 2 | 9 | ||||
No | 84 | 69.4 | 304 | 74.9 | ||
Yes | 37 | 30.6 | 102 | 25.1 | ||
Maternal choline intakea | 0 | 0 | ||||
<187.4 mg | 27 | 22.0 | 72 | 17.4 | ||
187.4 – 249.6 mg | 30 | 24.4 | 85 | 20.5 | ||
249.7 – 336.3 mg | 34 | 27.6 | 104 | 25.1 | ||
>336.4 mg | 32 | 26.0 | 154 | 37.1 | ||
Fertility medications or procedures* | 0 | 4 | ||||
No | 111 | 90.2 | 393 | 95.6 | ||
Yes | 12 | 9.8 | 18 | 4.4 | ||
Health characteristics | ||||||
Diabetes | 0 | 1 | ||||
No | 115 | 93.5 | 374 | 90.3 | ||
Yes | 8 | 6.5 | 40 | 9.7 | ||
High blood pressure | 0 | 0 | ||||
No | 95 | 77.2 | 344 | 92.9 | ||
Yes | 28 | 22.8 | 71 | 17.1 | ||
Maternal BMI | 1 | 22 | ||||
<18.5 | 6 | 4.9 | 20 | 5.1 | ||
18.5-25 | 59 | 48.4 | 210 | 53.4 | ||
25-30 | 25 | 20.5 | 84 | 21.4 | ||
>30 | 32 | 26.2 | 79 | 20.1 | ||