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Table 1 Summary statistics and data sources

From: Countervailing effects of income, air pollution, smoking, and obesity on aging and life expectancy: population-based study of U.S. Counties

Variable (Units)

Mean (SD)

Source

EA (Index)

2275.8 (696.3)

U.S. Census 1980, 2010

LE†† (Years)

76.9 (2.0)

Kulkarni et al. 2011

PM2.5 (μg/m3)

10.4 (2.8)

Beckerman et al. 2013

Median Income ($1000s)

35.1 (8.6)

US Census 2000

Daily Smokers (%)

21.6 (3.7)

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2014

Obesity Prevalence (%)

28.1 (3.6)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013

Black (%)

8.7 (14.5)

US Census 2000

Hispanic (%)

6.2 (12.0)

US Census 2000

Median Age (Years)

37.4 (3.9)

US Census 2000

Over 65 (%)

14.8 (4.0)

US Census 2000

Migration Rates

1980s, 55–60-year-olds

4.3 (16.6)

Winkler et al. 2013

1980s, 60–64-year-olds

7.0 (19.7)

Winkler et al. 2013

1990s, 65–70-year-olds

9.9 (19.9)

Winkler et al. 2013

1990s, 70–74-year-olds

4.0 (12.7)

Winkler et al. 2013

2000s, 75+ year-olds

−1.0 (14.8)

Winkler et al. 2013

  1. † Exceptional Aging
  2. †† Life Expectancy
  3. ‡ Age-specific migration rates were calculated by the net migration over the given decade divided by the expected population at the end of the decade, times 100, where net migration is the observed final population minus the expected final population