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Table 2 RMSE ratios from comparison of bipollutant models (RR1 = 1.05, RR2 = 1) with and without measurement error

From: A simulation study to quantify the impacts of exposure measurement error on air pollution health risk estimates in copollutant time-series models

  

δspatial

δpopulation

δtotal

Main pol.a

Co-pol.a

Main pol.

Co-pol.

Main pol.

Co-pol.

Main pol.

Co-pol.

CO

NOx

6.6

1.9

1.9

0.4

8.0

0.5

EC

8.2

1.3

1.3

0.6

8.1

0.7

PM2.5

11.1

1.4

1.5

0.4

10.9

0.5

SO4

11.0

1.2

1.4

0.5

10.9

0.6

O3

11.5

1.2

1.5

0.3

12.2

0.4

NOx

CO

6.0

1.8

13.7

2.0

16.9

2.0

EC

6.1

1.1

13.3

1.6

16.1

0.6

PM2.5

9.1

1.2

23.6

0.5

23.4

0.5

SO4

10.3

1.1

25.6

0.6

24.1

0.6

O3

10.4

1.1

25.8

0.3

26.1

0.4

EC

CO

7.9

1.8

6.6

1.1

13.3

1.7

NOx

6.6

1.6

6.6

0.3

13.3

0.4

PM2.5

10.3

1.3

11.4

0.4

17.4

0.5

SO4

11.4

1.1

14.0

0.6

18.0

0.6

O3

12.1

1.1

13.5

0.3

19.0

0.4

PM2.5

CO

2.9

1.8

11.4

1.0

13.5

1.9

NOx

2.9

1.8

11.1

0.2

13.2

0.4

EC

2.7

1.3

10.4

0.6

12.4

0.8

SO4

2.5

1.2

9.4

0.5

10.7

0.7

O3

2.9

1.0

12.1

0.3

13.7

0.3

SO4

CO

2.1

1.7

9.6

1.0

10.5

1.6

NOx

2.0

1.6

9.6

0.2

10.6

0.4

EC

2.1

1.2

9.4

0.6

10.0

0.7

PM2.5

1.9

1.2

6.8

0.4

8.4

0.5

O3

2.0

1.0

9.0

0.3

10.1

0.3

O3

CO

1.8

1.6

8.2

1.0

8.3

1.6

NOx

1.9

1.8

8.5

0.2

8.9

0.3

EC

1.8

1.1

8.3

0.6

8.6

0.6

PM2.5

1.8

1.1

8.1

0.4

8.8

0.4

SO4

1.8

1.0

7.8

0.6

8.0

0.5

  1. aIn simulations, all main pollutants had RR = 1.05, and all co-pollutants had RR = 1. For each pollutant pair, 1000 simulations were run and results averaged