| | |
Glucose Intoleranta
|
Gestational Diabetes Mellitusa
|
Combined Glucose Intolerant and GDMb
|
|---|
|
Arsenic exposure
|
Non-cases
|
Cases
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
Cases
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
Cases
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
|---|
|
Water As†
|
663
|
79
|
1.0 (0.9, 1.1)
|
11
|
1.1 (1.0, 1.2)*
|
90
|
1.0 (0.9, 1.1)
|
|
Urinary As†
|
582
|
61
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.1)
|
9
|
0.8 (0.3, 2.4)
|
70
|
1.0 (1.0, 1.1)
|
|
Toenail As‡
|
616
|
62
|
0.9 (0.6, 1.3)
|
7
|
4.5 (1.2, 16.6)**
|
69
|
0.9 (0.7, 1.3)
|
-
aOutcome variable is a 3-level variable (0 = normal, 1 = intolerant, 2 = GDM), modeled using multinomial regression; bcombined glucose intolerance and GDM is modeled with logistic regression using a dichotomous variable (0 = normal or 1 = glucose intolerant and GDM). Models were adjusted for enrollment age, education, smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain and gestational week of glucose testing. Additional adjustment for urinary creatinine was included in the urinary As model only. †Per 5 μg/L increase in water or urinary As; ‡per 100 % increase in toenail As; *0.1 < p < 0.05; **p <0.05
