|  | Glucose Intoleranta
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitusa
| Combined Glucose Intolerant and GDMb
|
---|
Arsenic exposure | Non-cases | Cases | OR (95Â % CI) | Cases | OR (95Â % CI) | Cases | OR (95Â % CI) |
---|
Water Asâ€
| 663 | 79 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 11 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2)* | 90 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
Urinary Asâ€
| 582 | 61 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 9 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.4) | 70 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) |
Toenail As‡
| 616 | 62 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 7 | 4.5 (1.2, 16.6)** | 69 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) |
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aOutcome variable is a 3-level variable (0 = normal, 1 = intolerant, 2 = GDM), modeled using multinomial regression; bcombined glucose intolerance and GDM is modeled with logistic regression using a dichotomous variable (0 = normal or 1 = glucose intolerant and GDM). Models were adjusted for enrollment age, education, smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain and gestational week of glucose testing. Additional adjustment for urinary creatinine was included in the urinary As model only. †Per 5 μg/L increase in water or urinary As; ‡per 100 % increase in toenail As; *0.1 < p < 0.05; **p <0.05