The use of self-reported symptoms as a proxy for acute organophosphate poisoning after exposure to chlorpyrifos 50% plus cypermethrin 5% among Nepali farmers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study

Table 2 Ten most common pesticides usually used by the farmers when spraying their crops (n = 42)

Active ingredient	Chemical type	Main use	WHO Class^a	Reported use, n (%)
Chlorpyrifos 50% + cypermethrin 5% EC	Organophosphate and pyrethroid	Insecticide	II	38 (90.5)
Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG	Macrocyclic lactone	Insecticide	III	15 (35.7)
Carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP	Benzimidazol and dithiocarbamate	Fungicide	U	12 (28.6)
Thiamethoxam 25% WG	Neonicotinoid	Insecticide	III	8 (19.0)
Cypermethrin 10% EC	Pyrethroid	Insecticide	II	7 (16.7)
Imidacloprid 17.8% SL	Neonicotinoid	Insecticide	II	7 (16.7)
Dichlorvos 76% EC	Organophosphate	Insecticide	Ib	6 (14.3)
Triazofos 35% + deltamethrin 1% EC	Organophosphate and pyrethroid	Insecticide	II	5 (11.9)
Acetamiprid 20% SP	Neonicotinoid	Insecticide	III	5 (11.9)
Cymoxanil 8% + mancozeb 64% WP	Cyanoacetamide oxime and dithiocarbamate	Fungicide	III	5 (11.9)

^aWorld Health Organization (WHO) Pesticide Hazard Classification of pesticide active ingredient: Ib Highly hazardous; II Moderately hazardous; III Slightly hazardous; U Unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use

ISSN: 1476-069X