Skip to main content

Table 1 Demographic and Exposure Characteristics of the New York City Longitudinal Study of Early Development, 1994–1998

From: Early-life exposure to air pollution and greater use of academic support services in childhood: a population-based cohort study of urban children

 

Total Population (N = 201,559)

BTEX greater than 90th centile for at least one pollutant (N = 26010)

BTEX lower than 90th centile for all pollutants (N = 175549)

BTEX greater than 90th centile for all pollutants (N = 15514)

BTEX lower than 90th centile for at least one pollutant (N = 186045)

Demographic Factor

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Maternal Race

 White, non-Latina

32730 (16.2)

3973 (15.3)

28757 (16.4)

2415 (15.6)

30315 (16.3)

 Black, non-Latina

64353 (31.9)

4309 (16.6)

60044 (34.2)

2611 (16.3)

61742 (33.2)

 Latina

81716 (40.5)

14930 (57.4)

66786 (38.0)

8666 (55.6)

73050 (36.2)

 Asian/Other

22760 (11.3)

2798 (10.8)

19962 (11.4)

1822 (11.7)

20938 (11.3)

Maternal Nativity

 Born in the U.S.

97874 (48.6)

12140 (46.7)

85734 (48.8)

7258 (46.8)

90616 (48.7)

 Maternal Age, years mean (sd)

27.2 (6.4)

27.3 (6.7)

27.2 (6.4)

27.6 (6.8)

27.2 (6.4)

Maternal Education

 0–11 years

69863 (34.7)

9775 (37.6)

60088 (34.2)

5730 (36.9)

64133 (34.5)

 12 years

77735 (38.6)

8936 (34.4)

68799 (39.2)

5094 (32.8)

72641 (39.0)

 13–15 years

32900 (16.3)

3688 (14.2)

29212 (16.6)

2206 (14.2)

30694 (16.5)

 16 or more years

20161 (10.4)

3611 (13.9)

17450 (9.9)

2484 (16.0)

18577 (10.0)

Maternal Insurance at time of Delivery

 Medicaid

131295 (65.1)

18722 (72.0)

112573 (64.1)

11130 (71.7)

120165 (64.6)

 HMO

18728 (9.3)

2106 (8.1)

16622 (9.5)

1321 (8.5)

17407 (9.4)

 Other 3rd Party

41768 (20.7)

4460 (17.1)

37308 (21.3)

2715 (17.5)

39053 (21.0)

 Self-Paid

9768 (4.8)

722 (2.8)

9046 (5.2)

348 (2.3)

9420 (5.1)

Maternal Marital Status

 Married

83693 (41.5)

10210 (39.3)

73483 (41.9)

6140 (39.6)

77553 (41.7)

Maximum Venous Blood Lead (μg/dL)a

 Less than 3

33716 (16.7)

4790 (18.4)

28926 (16.5)

3108 (20.0)

30608 (16.5)

 3- < 5

84289 (41.8)

10784 (41.5)

73505 (41.9)

6364 (41.0)

77925 (41.9)

 5- < 10

71485 (35.5)

9063 (34.8)

62422 (35.6)

5298 (34.1)

66187 (35.6)

 10 and greater

12069 (6.0)

1374 (5.3)

10695 (6.1)

744 (4.8)

11325 (6.1)

  1. aAverage of five imputations