Skip to main content

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of JHS participants by distance to A1 or A2 road (N = 4826)

From: Residential distance to major roadways and cardiac structure in African Americans: cross-sectional results from the Jackson Heart Study

 

<150 m (n = 103)

150–299 m (n = 158)

300–999 m (n = 1156)

≥1000 m (n = 3409)

Characteristic

Mean (SD)

or %

Mean (SD)

or %

Mean (SD)

or %

Mean (SD)

or %

Age, years, mean (SD)*

55.9 (13.1)

58.8 (12.1)

54.6 (12.1)

55.5 (13.0)

Female

68.0

65.2

62.0

64.1

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

33.1 (8.4)

30.9 (6.7)

31.6 (7.0)

31.7 (7.2)

Highest level of education completed*

 Less than high school

34.3

20.9

15.9

20.5

 High school/GED

30.4

33.5

34.2

38.4

 College degree/certificate

24.5

22.2

29.6

26.4

 Graduate/professional school

10.8

23.4

20.3

14.7

Household income status*

 Low

21.1

6.9

12.3

16.4

 Lower-middle

26.3

26.0

19.5

25.8

 Upper-middle

18.4

30.0

30.7

30.2

 High

34.2

37.4

37.5

27.7

Neighborhood SES z-score, mean (SD)a*

0.6 (6.4)

1.6 (6.6)

0.8 (5.1)

−0.8 (4.7)

Medical Insurance*

 None

13.6

12.1

13.0

13.6

 Private

41.8

50.3

55.5

49.6

 Public

27.2

20.4

17.2

22.6

 Public and private

16.5

17.2

14.4

14.2

Smoking status

 Never

64.1

74.7

69.3

67.5

 Former

15.5

15.8

19.1

19.3

 Current

20.4

9.5

11.6

13.2

Physical activityb

 Poor

49.5

48.7

46.3

50.4

 Intermediate

27.2

31.1

34.2

30.8

 Ideal

23.3

20.3

19.5

18.8

Alcohol consumption, past 12 months*

39.0

38.5

47.3

43.7

Occupation*

 Management/professional

27.2

42.4

42.2

33.7

 Service

25.2

23.4

22.9

25.7

 Sales

18.5

15.2

16.6

17.7

 Other

29.1

19.0

18.4

22.9

Hypertension*

55.9

67.7

57.6

62.3

Diabetes

16.5

22.4

21.6

22.1

Hyperlipidemia

32.4

29.5

29.4

29.3

History of CVD, %

11.7

12.7

8.6

11.0

LVMI, g/m2.7, mean (SD)*

38.9 (14.0)

35.8 (9.8)

35.7 (9.4)

36.4 (12.5)

LV hypertrophy, %*

15.5

6.3

6.2

8.6

LV end-diastolic diameter, mm, mean (SD)

49.2 (4.5)

48.2 (4.3)

48.6 (4.5)

48.4 (4.6)

LV end-systolic diameter, mm, mean (SD)

30.9 (4.9)

29.5 (4.6)

29.8 (4.8)

29.8 (5.0)

  1. Percent missing: BMI (0.1), education level (0.3), household income (15.3), medical insurance (0.4), smoking status (0.7), physical activity (0.06), alcohol consumption (2.6), occupation (0.06), hypertension (0.06), diabetes (1.1), hyperlipidemia (1.4), LVMI (0.1), LV hypertrophy (0.1), LV systolic diameter (0.1)
  2. a Neighborhood socioeconomic status determined using methods described by Dubowitz [50]
  3. bPhysical activity as described in the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 [40, 41]
  4. * p < 0.05 (chi-square or ANOVA)