Parental exposures to occupational asthmagens and risk of autism spectrum disorder in a Danish population-based case-control study

Alison B. Singer; Igor Burstyn; Malene Thygesen; Preben Bo Mortensen; M. Daniele Fallin; Diana E. Schendel

doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0230-8

Environmental Health

Table 1 Parent and child characteristics by occupational asthmagen exposure

From: Parental exposures to occupational asthmagens and risk of autism spectrum disorder in a Danish population-based case-control study

Characteristic	Maternal Exposed^a			Paternal Exposed^b
	No	Yes		No	Yes
	N	N	%^c	N	N	%^c
Overall	28,942	7123	19.8	31,258	8336	21.1
Child’s Sex
Male	16,294	3928	19.4	17,666	4614	20.7
Female	12,648	3195	20.2	13,592	3722	21.5
Child’s Year of Birth
1993–1997	9613	3038	24.0	10,837	3492	24.4
1998–2002	10,462	2185	17.3	11,089	2838	20.4
2003–2007	8867	1900	17.6	9332	2006	17.7
Parity
1	13,992	3191	18.6	14,264	3570	20.0
2	10,696	2613	19.6	11,982	3070	20.4
≥ 3	4254	1319	23.7	5012	1696	25.3
Mother’s Age at Child’s Birth
≤ 25 years	4235	1180	21.8	5017	1970	28.2
26–30 years	11,748	2954	20.1	12,594	3335	20.9
31–35 years	9497	2232	19.0	10,099	2202	17.9
≥ 36 years	3462	757	17.9	3548	829	18.9
Father’s Age at Child’s Birth
≤ 25 years	2130	562	20.9	2406	978	28.9
26–30 years	9085	2320	20.3	9576	2784	22.5
31–35 years	10,552	2531	19.3	11,227	2770	19.8
≥ 36 years	7175	1710	19.2	8049	1804	18.3
Total Parental Income
< 200,000 DKK	539	121	18.3	785	216	21.6
200,000–399,999 DKK	7188	2227	23.7	8479	3217	27.5
400,000–599,999 DKK	14,078	3460	19.7	14,461	3888	21.2
≥ 600,000 DKK	7137	1315	15.6	7533	1015	11.9
Highest Parental Education
Basic School	1506	580	27.8	2237	845	27.4
Upper Secondary School	1394	235	14.4	1615	302	15.8
Vocational School	12,411	3042	19.7	12,423	4909	28.3
Higher Education	13,631	3266	19.3	14,983	2280	13.2
Parental Psychiatric Diagnosis
No	27,488	6780	19.8	29,536	7902	21.1
Yes	1454	343	19.1	1722	434	20.1
Urbanicity
Capital	4410	782	15.1	4880	631	11.4
Capital Suburb	4404	908	17.1	4845	803	14.2
Provincial Cities	3324	837	20.1	3739	730	16.3
Provincial Towns	7616	2019	21.0	8404	2289	21.4
Rural Area	9188	2577	21.9	9390	3883	29.3
Parental Immigrant Status
No	27,427	6621	19.4	29,095	7680	20.9
Yes	1515	502	24.9	2163	656	23.3
Maternal Pregnancy Smoking
No	23,270	5541	19.2	24,895	6203	19.9
Yes	5672	1582	21.8	6363	2133	25.1

^aMaternal analyses included 6706 cases and 29,359 controls
^bPaternal analyses included 7647 cases and 31,947 controls
^cPercent exposed

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