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Table 1 Parent and child characteristics by occupational asthmagen exposure

From: Parental exposures to occupational asthmagens and risk of autism spectrum disorder in a Danish population-based case-control study

Characteristic Maternal Exposeda Paternal Exposedb
  No Yes No Yes
  N N %c N N %c
Overall 28,942 7123 19.8 31,258 8336 21.1
Child’s Sex
 Male 16,294 3928 19.4 17,666 4614 20.7
 Female 12,648 3195 20.2 13,592 3722 21.5
Child’s Year of Birth
 1993–1997 9613 3038 24.0 10,837 3492 24.4
 1998–2002 10,462 2185 17.3 11,089 2838 20.4
 2003–2007 8867 1900 17.6 9332 2006 17.7
Parity
 1 13,992 3191 18.6 14,264 3570 20.0
 2 10,696 2613 19.6 11,982 3070 20.4
  ≥ 3 4254 1319 23.7 5012 1696 25.3
Mother’s Age at Child’s Birth
  ≤ 25 years 4235 1180 21.8 5017 1970 28.2
 26–30 years 11,748 2954 20.1 12,594 3335 20.9
 31–35 years 9497 2232 19.0 10,099 2202 17.9
  ≥ 36 years 3462 757 17.9 3548 829 18.9
Father’s Age at Child’s Birth
  ≤ 25 years 2130 562 20.9 2406 978 28.9
 26–30 years 9085 2320 20.3 9576 2784 22.5
 31–35 years 10,552 2531 19.3 11,227 2770 19.8
  ≥ 36 years 7175 1710 19.2 8049 1804 18.3
Total Parental Income
  < 200,000 DKK 539 121 18.3 785 216 21.6
 200,000–399,999 DKK 7188 2227 23.7 8479 3217 27.5
 400,000–599,999 DKK 14,078 3460 19.7 14,461 3888 21.2
  ≥ 600,000 DKK 7137 1315 15.6 7533 1015 11.9
Highest Parental Education
 Basic School 1506 580 27.8 2237 845 27.4
 Upper Secondary School 1394 235 14.4 1615 302 15.8
 Vocational School 12,411 3042 19.7 12,423 4909 28.3
 Higher Education 13,631 3266 19.3 14,983 2280 13.2
Parental Psychiatric Diagnosis
 No 27,488 6780 19.8 29,536 7902 21.1
 Yes 1454 343 19.1 1722 434 20.1
Urbanicity
 Capital 4410 782 15.1 4880 631 11.4
 Capital Suburb 4404 908 17.1 4845 803 14.2
 Provincial Cities 3324 837 20.1 3739 730 16.3
 Provincial Towns 7616 2019 21.0 8404 2289 21.4
 Rural Area 9188 2577 21.9 9390 3883 29.3
Parental Immigrant Status
 No 27,427 6621 19.4 29,095 7680 20.9
 Yes 1515 502 24.9 2163 656 23.3
Maternal Pregnancy Smoking
 No 23,270 5541 19.2 24,895 6203 19.9
 Yes 5672 1582 21.8 6363 2133 25.1
  1. aMaternal analyses included 6706 cases and 29,359 controls
  2. bPaternal analyses included 7647 cases and 31,947 controls
  3. cPercent exposed
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X