Table 2 Arsenic exposure levels and other characteristics of the subjects in the arsenic-endemic and non-endemic areas

Subjects (n)

236

61

175

  Total subjects

17.76 (15.16)

0.76 (5.49)

53.39 (7.90)

<0.001^*

  Males

13.28 (19.90)

0.60 (4.96)

40.22 (9.02)

<0.001^*

  Females

24.66 (13.97)

0.98 (6.10)

73.09 (6.52)

<0.001^*

   p-value (between male & female groups)

0.081^*

0.269^*

0.056^*

  Total subjects

1.28 (4.43)

0.25 (2.38)

2.08 (3.54)

<0.001^*

  Males

1.08 (4.80)

0.19 (2.15)

1.99 (3.70)

<0.001^*

  Females

1.39 (3.99)

0.36 (2.40)

2.20 (3.38)

<0.001^*

   p-value (between male & female groups)

0.191^*

<0.01^*

0.604^*

  Total subjects

3.40 (3.53)

0.96 (2.43)

5.29 (2.96)

<0.001^*

  Males

3.19 (3.41)

1.05 (2.32)

4.73 (3.00)

<0.001^*

  Females

3.67 (3.78)

0.85 (2.58)

5.98 (2.98)

<0.001^*

   p-value (between male & female groups)

0.403^*

0.367^*

0.155^*

  (+) symptom

132 (55.90)

0 (0.0)

132 (75.40)

<0.001^†

  (−) symptom

104 (44.10)

61 (100.0)

43 (24.60)

  Total subjects

77.11 ± 11.84

71.97 ± 9.89

78.90 ± 11.96

<0.001^*

  Males

76.73 ± 10.51

73.33 ± 8.26

77.95 ± 10.99

<0.05^*

  Females

77.54 ± 13.21

70.36 ± 11.46

79.96 ± 12.93

<0.01^*

   p-value (between male & female groups)

0.608^*

0.245^*

0.269^*

  Total subjects

118.72 ± 18.01

111.18 ± 14.22

121.35 ± 18.48

<0.001^*

  Males

116.56 ± 14.83

112.88 ± 10.91

117.88 ± 15.83

0.097^*

  Females

121.16 ± 20.83

109.18 ± 17.30

125.20 ± 20.45

<0.001^*

   p-value (between male & female groups)

0.055^*

0.334^*

<0.01^*

   Yes

32 (13.60)

3 (4.90)

29 (16.60)

<0.05^†

   No

204 (86.40)

58 (95.10)

146 (83.40)

   Yes

10 (8.00)

0 (0.0)

10 (10.90)

<0.05^†

   No

115 (92.00)

33 (100.0)

82 (89.10)

   Yes

22 (19.80)

3 (10.70)

19 (22.90)

0.162^†

   No

89 (80.20)

25 (89.30)

64 (77.10)

   p-value (between male & female groups)

<0.01^†

0.054^†

<0.05^†

  Total subjects

64.94 ± 2.12

65.67 ± 1.99

64.69 ± 2.12

<0.01^*

  Males

65.21 ± 1.91

65.46 ± 2.24

65.12 ± 1.78

0.430^*

  Females

64.65 ± 2.33

65.92 ± 1.66

64.23 ± 2.38

<0.01^*

   p-value (between male & female groups)

<0.05^*

0.372^*

<0.01^*