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Table 2 Participants characteristics by hypertension statusa

From: Association between blood lead and blood pressure: a population-based study in Brazilian adults

Characteristics

Hypertension (n = 519)

No hypertension (n = 429)

All (n = 948)

P valueb

Age (years)

57.6 (0.46)

50.9 (0.44)

54.5 (0.34)

<0.001

Sex (% male)

42 (0.02)

47 (0.02)

44.5 (0.16)

0.114

Race (% white)

58 (0.02)

61 (0.02)

59 (0.01)

0.375

Education (years of study)

5.62 (0.19)

7.24 (0.21)

6.35 (0.14)

<0.001

Income class (% middle income class)c

59 (0.02)

48 (0.02)

54 (0.02)

0.001

Smoking

 Former smoker (%)

32 (0.02)

23 (0.02)

28.3 (0.01)

0.001

 Current smoker (%)

16 (0.16)

23 (0.02)

19 (0.01)

 

Alcohol intake (% drinker)

42 (0.02)

36 (0.02)

38.4 (0.01)

0.055

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

206.8 (1.83)

200.5 (1.80)

203.9 (1.29)

0.020

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

169.4 (7.65)

129.2 (5.04)

151.2 (4.81)

<0.001

Glycemia (mg/dL)

110.1 (1.52)

98.9 (0.89)

105.0 (0.94)

<0.001

BMI (Kg/m2)

28.9 (0.23)

26.9 (0.27)

27.9 (0.18)

<0.001

Blood lead (μg/dL)d

2.04 (1.94-2.15)

1.87 (1.77-1.98)

1.97 (1.89-2.04)

0.029

Occupation (% lead exposed)

11 (0.01)

13 (0.02)

12.0 (0.01)

0.278

  1. aHypertension defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or antihypertensive medication use. bChi-square, Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test. cAccording to Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP, 2012); from 0 (lower income level) to 45 (higher income level). dGeometric mean (95% CI); other results in the table are arithmetic means or percentages (SE)