Association between blood lead and blood pressure: a population-based study in Brazilian adults

Table 3 Change (95% CI) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure by blood lead levels (μg/dL)

	Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^*		Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Blood lead (μg/dL)
Quartile 1 (≤1.32)	0.00 (reference)	0.00 (reference)	0.00 (reference)	0.00 (reference)
Quartile 2 (1.32–1.93)	−0.00^*	−0.00^*	0.04 (0.01–0.05)	0.03 (0.01–0.05)
Quartile 3 (1.93–2.76)	−0.00^*	−0.00^*	0.03 (0.01–0.06)	0.02 (0.00–0.05)
Quartile 4 (>2.76)	−0.00^*	−0.00^*	0.07 (0.04–0.09)	0.06 (0.04–0.09)
p-Trend	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	<0.001

^*All Confidence Intervals (CI) for systolic blood pressure were −0.00 to -.000
Model 1 was adjusted for sex, age (40–49, 50–59, ≥60), race (white, no white), education (years of study), income (continuous; according to Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa, 2012) and antihypertensive medication (yes, no)
Model 2 was further adjusted for continuous total cholesterol (μg/dL), triglycerides (μg/dL), glycemia (μg/dL), smoking status (never, current and former), alcohol intake (yes, no) and body mass index, continuous (kg/m²)