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Table 1 Main etiologies of premature ovarian insufficiency

From: Environmental pollutants, a possible etiology for premature ovarian insufficiency: a narrative review of animal and human data

Etiologies

Characteristics

Genetics: [11]

 - Chromosomal abnormality

 - Genetic mutations

- Monosomy X and mosaicism: Turner syndrome, triploid syndrome, partial deletion and X translocation

- X chromosomes: FMR1 premutation: Fragile X syndrome

- Other chromosomes: FOX L2 (blepharophimosis, ptosis), FSHR, NOBOX, GALT, SF1, GDF1, etc.

Iatrogenic: [12]

- Pelvic, ovarian surgery

- Chemotherapy: alkylating agents ++, etc.

- Radiotherapy

Autoimmune disease: [13]

- Isolated

- Associated: hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes, Addison’s disease, myasthenia, lupus, etc.

Metabolic: [14]

- Congenital galactosemia

- 17-hydroxylase deficiency

Infectious: [15, 16]

- HIV infection

- Mumps