Table 1 Main etiologies of premature ovarian insufficiency
| Etiologies | Characteristics |
|---|---|
|
Genetics: [11] - Chromosomal abnormality - Genetic mutations |
- Monosomy X and mosaicism: Turner syndrome, triploid syndrome, partial deletion and X translocation - X chromosomes: FMR1 premutation: Fragile X syndrome - Other chromosomes: FOX L2 (blepharophimosis, ptosis), FSHR, NOBOX, GALT, SF1, GDF1, etc. |
| Iatrogenic: [12] |
- Pelvic, ovarian surgery - Chemotherapy: alkylating agents ++, etc. - Radiotherapy |
| Autoimmune disease: [13] |
- Isolated - Associated: hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes, Addison’s disease, myasthenia, lupus, etc. |
| Metabolic: [14] |
- Congenital galactosemia - 17-hydroxylase deficiency |
| Infectious: [15, 16] |
- HIV infection - Mumps |