Agency
|
Averaging time
|
PM2.5
|
Nicotineb
|
Acetaldehyde
|
Acetone
|
Ethanol
|
Acetonitrile
|
Isopropyl alcohol
|
Benzene
|
Toluene
|
Reference
|
---|
OSHA PEL†
|
8-h
|
15 mg/m3,a
|
0.5 mg/m3
|
200 ppm (360 mg/m3)
|
1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3)
|
1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
|
40 ppm (70 mg/m3)
|
400 ppm (980 mg/m3)
|
1 ppm
|
200 ppm
|
OSHA 2016 [41]
|
OSHA STEL†
|
15-min
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
5 ppm
|
NA
|
OSHA 2016 [41]
|
NIOSH REL†
|
Up to 10-h
|
NA
|
0.5 mg/m3
|
NA
|
250 ppm (590 mg/m3)
|
1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
|
20 ppm (34 mg/m3)
|
400 ppm (980 mg/m3)
|
0.1 ppm (0.32 mg/m3)
|
100 ppm (375 mg/m3)
|
NIOSH 2016 [42]
|
NIOSH STEL†
|
15-min
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
500 ppm (1225 mg/m3)
|
1 ppm
|
150 ppm
|
NIOSH 2016 [42]
|
ACGIH TLV†
|
8-h
|
10 mg/m3
|
0.5 mg/m3
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.5 ppm
|
NA
|
ACGIH 2016 [43]
|
ACGIH STEL†
|
15-min
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
2.5 ppm
|
NA
|
ACGIH 2016 [43]
|
U.S. EPA NAAQS‡
|
Annual mean
|
12 μg/m3
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NAAQS 2012 [44]
|
24-h
|
35 μg/m3
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NAAQS 2012 [44]
|
WHO AQG‡
|
Annual mean
|
10 μg/m3
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
WHO 2005 [45]
|
24-h
|
25 μg/m3
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
WHO 2005 [45]
|
EU Air Quality Directive‡
|
Annual mean
|
25 μg/m3
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
5 μg/m3
|
NA
|
EU 2008 [46]
|
EU AEI‡
|
3-year mean
|
20 μg/m3
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
EEA 2015 [47]
|
-
Abbreviations: NA not available, PEL permissible exposure limit, REL recommended exposure limit, TLV threshold limit value, STEL short-term exposure limit, ppm parts per million, OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ACGIH, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, EPA Environmental Protection Agency, NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards, WHO World Health Organization, AQG Air Quality Guideline, AEI Average Exposure Indicator
-
†Occupational exposure limits
-
‡Ambient air quality standards
-
aFor particulates not otherwise regulated (total dust)
-
bNoted for skin absorption