Distributions and determinants of urinary biomarkers of organophosphate pesticide exposure in a prospective Spanish birth cohort study

Llop, Sabrina; Murcia, Mario; Iñiguez, Carmen; Roca, Marta; González, Llúcia; Yusà, Vicent; Rebagliato, Marisa; Ballester, Ferran

doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0255-z

Environmental Health

Table 2 Sociodemographic, environmental, and dietary characteristics of the study population, INMA-Valencia, Spain, 2003–2006

From: Distributions and determinants of urinary biomarkers of organophosphate pesticide exposure in a prospective Spanish birth cohort study

		Study population (n = 573)		Population not included (n = 221)		P-value¹
		N	%	N	%	P-value¹
Maternal age (years)	<25	60	10.5	31	14	0.216
	25–29	196	34.2	85	38.5
	30–34	230	40.1	75	33.9
	≥35	87	15.2	30	13.6
Country of birth	Spain	509	88.8	189	85.5	0.200
Country of birth	Other	64	11.2	32	14.5	0.200
Educational level	Up to primary	182	31.8	88	39.8	0.069
	Secondary	248	43.3	90	40.7
	University	143	25.0	43	19.5
Parity	0	324	56.5	114	51.6	0.002
	1	212	37.0	75	33.9
	>1	37	6.5	32	14.5
Employment status during pregnancy	Non-employed	101	17.6	38	17.2	0.886
Employment status during pregnancy	Employed	472	82.4	183	82.8	0.886
Social class^c	I + II (higher)	137	23.9	37	16.7	0.021
	III	161	28.1	55	24.9
	IV + V (lower)	275	48.0	129	58.4
Smoking habit during pregnancy	Non-smoker	447	78.0	159	74.3	0.271
Smoking habit during pregnancy	Smoker	126	22.0	55	25.7	0.271
Season of sampling	Winter	73	12.7	42	29.8	<0.001
	Spring	106	18.5	41	29.1
	Summer	199	34.7	21	14.9
	Fall	195	34.0	37	26.2
Area of residence	Urban	56	9.8	15	6.8	0.629
	Metropolitan	276	48.2	111	50.7
	Semi-urban	206	36.0	79	36.1
	Rural	35	6.1	14	6.4
Use of indoor pesticides	No	212	37.1	72	33.6	0.375
Use of indoor pesticides	Yes	360	62.9	142	66.4	0.375
Yard with plants at home	No	393	68.7	159	74.3	0.127
Yard with plants at home	Yes	179	31.3	55	25.7	0.127
Outdoor pesticides application	No	487	85.1	187	87.4	0.423
Outdoor pesticides application	Yes	85	14.9	27	12.6	0.423
Residence near fields or greenhouses	No	315	55.1	131	61.2	0.097
	Residence near fields	164	28.7	45	21
	Residence near fields sprayed with pesticides	93	16.3	38	17.8
BMI before pregnancy^a,b		23.8	4.5	23.7	5.0	0.263
Intake of vegetables (daily servings)^a,b		2.2	1.3	2.2	1.3	0.991
Intake of fruits (daily servings)^a,b		2.5	1.7	2.6	1.8	0.369

¹ P-value from Chi-square test
^amean and standard deviation
^b p-values from Mann-Whitney test
^cClass I + II included managerial jobs, senior technical staff, and commercial managers; class III included skilled non-manual workers; and class IV + V, manual workers

Back to article page

ISSN: 1476-069X

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com