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Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted HRs for incident lung adenocarcinoma per 10-μg/m3 increment in mean monthly ambient PM2.5: single- and two-pollutant models. 79,880 AHSMOG-2 subjects (LC cases = 164)

From: The association between ambient fine particulate matter and incident adenocarcinoma subtype of lung cancer

 

Pollutant

cases

Single Pollutant

HR (95% CI)

Two Pollutanta

HR (95% CI)

Two Pollutantab

HR (95% CI)

Model 1

PM2.5

164

1.31 (0.87, 1.97)

1.31 (0.87, 1.97)

1.31 (0.92, 1.86)

O3

 

1.01 (0.68, 1.50)

1.01 (0.69, 1.47)

Model 2

PM2.5

164

1.32 (0.88, 1.99)

1.32 (0.88, 2.00)

1.32 (0.93, 1.89)

O3

 

1.02 (0.68, 1.51)

1.02 (0.70, 1.47)

Model 3

 Outdoors <1

PM2.5

39

0.75 (0.32, 1.75)

0.75 (0.32, 1.75)

0.75 (0.35, 1.61)

 Outdoors ≥1

PM2.5

125

1.55 (0.98, 2.46)

1.55 (0.98, 2.46)

1.55 (1.05, 2.30)

Sensitivity Analysis

Model 4

 Excluding NMSC

PM2.5

142

1.62 (1.04, 2.50)

1.62 (1.04, 2.51)

1.62 (1.11, 2.36)

  1. Model 1– Adjusted for gender, educational level, race, and nested covariates: smoking status, years since quit smoking, and average number of cigarettes per day
  2. Model 2–Model 1 + outdoors, residence length, moving distance, NMSC
  3. Model 3–Model 1+ outdoors + PM2.5* outdoors (2 levels of outdoors: <1 & ≥1 h/day)
  4. Model 4–Model 1, but excluding prevalent NMSCaModel [1–4] – adjusted for O3 with increments of 10 ppb
  5. aModel [1–4] – adjusted for O3 with increments of 10 ppb
  6. bModel [1–4] – with Sandwich variance estimate