Table 5 Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adult-onset asthma, and lung cancer across quintiles of ambient UFP concentrations in Toronto, Canada
Exposure | COPD | Asthma | Lung cancer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95%CI | HR | 95%CI | HR | 95%CI | ||||
Single Pollutant Model | |||||||||
UFPs (by quintiles) a | |||||||||
Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Q2 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 1.03 |
Q3 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 1.07 |
Q4 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.19 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 0.95 | 1.10 |
Q5 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 1.05 |
Adjusted for NO 2 and PM 2.5 | |||||||||
UFPs a | |||||||||
Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Q2 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 1.02 |
Q3 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 1.04 |
Q4 | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.07 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.07 |
Q5 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 1.00 |