From: State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment
EDC | IARC | NTP | Sources of exposure |
---|---|---|---|
Bisphenol A | Polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resins linked food cans, dental sealants, thermal receipts | ||
Phthalates | Fragrance ingredients in personal care and cleaning products, plastics. Also pharmaceuticals, building materials, insecticides and food packaging/food processing. | ||
di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) | 2B | RA | |
di-n-butylphthalate (DNP/DBP) | |||
monoethyl phthalate (MEHP) | |||
diethyl phthalate (DEP) | |||
butyl benzyl phthalate, (BBP) | 3 | ||
di-n-octyl phthalate, (DOP) | |||
di-i-butyl phthalate (DiBP) | |||
monomethyl phthalate | |||
Parabens | Antimicrobial preservatives in food, personal care products, soaps and detergents, and pharmaceuticals | ||
methyl-paraben | |||
propyl-parabens | |||
butyl-parabens | |||
Alkylpenols | Detergents and cleaning products, antioxidants in plastic and rubber products | ||
4-nonylphenol (4-NP) | |||
4-octylphenol (4-OP) | |||
Triclosan & Triclocarban | Antimicrobials in liquid hand soap, other personal care products and household items | ||
EDCs found in sunscreens | UV filters | ||
3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor (4-MBC) | |||
octyl-methoxycinnamate | |||
octyl-dimethyl-PABA (OD-PABA) | |||
benzophenone-3 (Bp-3) | |||
homosalate (HMS) | |||
Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) & Perfluorooctanoic Sulfate (PFOS) | 2B | Stain resistant coatings, non-stick coatings, commercial products including firefighting foams. | |
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) | RA | Byproducts of combustion resulting from fossil fuel production, diesel exhaust, grilled meats, cigarettes. | |
Pyrene | |||
benz[a]anthracene | 2B | RA | |
benzo[a]pyrene | 1 | RA | |
Triazine herbicides | Weed control for corn and sorghum crops. | ||
Atrazine | |||
Simazine | |||
Cyanazine | |||
Other Pesticides & Herbicides | |||
Heptachlor | 2B | Insecticide, now banned | |
Dieldrin and Aldrin | 2A | Insecticide for corn and cotton, now banned | |
Chlordane | 2B | Home termites, general crop pesticide | |
Malathion | 2A | Residential, recreational, crop pesticide | |
2,4-D | 2B | Broadleaf weed herbicide | |
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TP) | Woody plant and broadleaf weed herbicide, now banned | ||
Persistent organochlorines | |||
Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)/DDE | 2A | RA | Insecticide, now banned |
PCBs | 1 | RA | Electrical insulation, fluid coolants, plasticizer in paints, dyes & inks |
Dioxins: 2,3,7,8-tetra chlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) | 1 | Byproduct of burning of chlorine-based chemicals | |
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDEs) | Flame retardants, previously used in furniture and electronics; most have been banned or voluntarily phased out | ||
Aromatic amines | |||
o-toluidine | 1 | K | Hair dyes |
4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) | 1 | K | Azo dyes in textiles |
p-phenylenediamine | Hair dyes | ||
2-amino-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) | Cooked meats | ||
heterocyclic aromatic amines | Hair dyes | ||
Metals | Naturally occurring elements; contaminants in naturally derived colorants, clays, and other metals, found in cosmetics, toys, and other products. | ||
Copper | |||
Cobalt | PO | RA | |
Nickel | PO | ||
Lead | 2B | RA | |
Mercury | |||
Methylmercury | 2B | ||
Tin | |||
Cadmium | 1 | K | |
Zinc | |||
Iron | 1 |