Blood lead, cadmium and mercury in relation to homocysteine and C-reactive protein in women of reproductive age: a panel study

Pollack, Anna Z.; Mumford, Sunni L.; Sjaarda, Lindsey; Perkins, Neil J.; Malik, Farah; Wactawski-Wende, Jean; Schisterman, Enrique F.

doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0293-6

Environmental Health

Table 2 Cadmium, lead, and mercury association with homocysteine and c-reactive protein overall and stratified by dietary and serum micronutrients at the 75th percentile

From: Blood lead, cadmium and mercury in relation to homocysteine and C-reactive protein in women of reproductive age: a panel study

	hs-CRP (mg/L)^a β (95% CI)		tHcy (μmol/L)^a β (95% CI)
	Unadjusted	Adjusted ^b	Unadjusted	Adjusted^b
Cadmium^a, μg /l	−0.03 (−0.22, 0.15)	−0.08 (−0.25, 0.08)	0.04 (0.001, 0.09)	0.03 (−0.01, 0.08)
Lead^a, μg/dl	−0.05 (−0.31, 0.21)	−0.05 (−0.28, 0.19)	0.10 (0.04, 0.16)	0.08 (0.01, 0.15)
Mercury^a, μg /l	−0.02 (−0.14, 0.11)	0.02 (−0.09, 0.12)	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.01)	−0.03 (−0.05, 0.003)
	Dietary Vitamin B₆
	<1.84 mg/day^b	≥1.84 mg/day^b	<1.84 mg/day^b	≥1.84 mg/day^b
Cadmium^a, μg /l	−0.05 (−0.22, 0.12)	0.13 (−0.38, 0.12)	0.03 (−0.02, 0.08)	0.03 (−0.04, 0.09)
Lead^a, μg/dl	−0.04 (−0.28, 0.20)	−0.02 (−0.37. 0.32)	0.07 (0.003, 0.14)	0.06 (−0.04, 0.15)
Mercury ^a, μg /l	0.002 (−0.10, 0.11)	0.04 (−0.09, 0.19)	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.004)	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.01)
	Dietary Vitamin B₁₂
	<4.47 μg /day^b	≥4.47 μg /day^b	<4.47 μg /day^b	≥4.47 μg /day^b
Cadmium^a, μg /l	−0.08 (−0.26, 0.09)	−0.17 (−0.40, 0.05)	0.02 (−0.02, 0.07)	0.06 (−0.01, 0.12)
Lead^a, μg/dl	−0.02 (−0.27, 0.22)	−0.17 (−0.50, 0.16)	0.08 (0.01, 0.14)	0.05 (−0.03, 0.14)
Mercury^a, μg /l	0.03 (−0.08, 0.13)	−0.003 (−0.15, 0.15)	−0.03 (−0.06, −0.005)	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.03)
	Dietary Folate
	<456 μg /day^b	≥456 μg /day^b	<456 μg /day^b	≥456 μg /day^b
Cadmium^a, μg /l	−0.09 (−0.27, 0.09)	−0.16 (−0.36, 0.04)	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	0.03 (−0.03, 0.10)
Lead^a, μg/dl	−0.01 (−0.27, 0.24)	0.06 (−0.24, 0.36)	0.07 (0.0004, 0.14)	0.06 (−0.03, 0.15)
Mercury^a, μg /l	−0.001 (−0.11, 0.11)	0.07 (−0.05, 0.20)	−0.03 (−0.06, 0.0001)	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.01)
	Serum Folate
	<24.49 ng/ml^b	≥24.49 ng/ml^b	<24.49 ng/ml^b	≥24.49 ng/ml^b
Cadmium^a, μg /l	−0.05 (−0.23, 0.13)	−0.24 (−.52, 0.04)	0.03 (−0.02, 0.08)	0.09 (0.02, 0.15)
Lead^a, μg/dl	−0.07 (−0.32, 0.18)	0.01 (−0.39, 0.42)	0.07 (0.0001, 0.14)	−0.002 (−0.10, 0.10)
Mercury^a, μg /l	0.03 (−0.08, 0.13)	0.03 (−0.14, 0.21)	−0.03 (−0.06, −0.005)	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.03)

Abbreviations: hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tHcy total serum homocysteine
^aNatural log-transformed
^bAdjusted for age, race (black, white, other), BMI, parity, smoking, and day of menstrual cycle with inverse probability of exposure weights that included time-varying confounding: vitamins (B₆, B₁₂, folate), reproductive hormone concentrations, calorie and alcohol intake

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