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Table 4 Determinants of U-Cd in models based on U-Creat adjustment

From: The physiological determinants of low-level urine cadmium: an assessment in a cross-sectional study among schoolchildren

 

U-Cd (μg/g creatinine)

U-Cd (μg/g creatinine) with U-Creat as predictor

U-Cd (μg/l) with U-Creat as predictor

Model

Ind. variable

Regression coefficient (95% IC)

P

r 2

Ind. variable

Regression coefficient (95% I)

P

r 2

Ind. variable

Regression coefficient (95% I)

P

r 2

With U-A1M

U-Zn

0.21 (0.12 to 0.31)

<0.001

0.12

U-Zn

0.19 (0.10 to 0.28)

<0.001

0.23

U-Creat

0.45 (0.30 to 0.60)

<0.001

0.51

(n = 249)

U-A1M

0.10 (0.04 to 0.17)

0.002

 

U-Creat

−0.28 (−0.37 to −0.18)

<0.001

 

U-Zn

0.18 (0.09 to 0.27)

<0.001

 
 

Age

0.07 (0.01 to 0.13)

0.03

 

Age

0.07 (0.02 to 0.13)

0.01

 

Age

0.08 (0.02 to 0.13)

0.01

 
     

U-A1M

0.07 (0.005 to 0.13)

0.040

 

U-A1M

0.07 (0.001 to 0.13)

0.046

 
     

U-Alb

−0.03 (−0.07 to 0.003)

0.07

 

U-Alb

−0.03 (−0.07 to 0.005)

0.09

 
         

U-Pb

0.06 (−0.02 to 0.13)

0.15

 

With U-RBP

U-Zn

0.21 (0.12 to 0.31)

<0.001

0.10

U-Zn

0.18 (0.09 to 0.27)

<0.001

0.22

U-Creat

0.44 (0.28 to 0.60)

<0.001

0.50

(n = 249)

Age

0.06 (−0.002 to 0.12)

0.06

 

U-Creat

−0.29 (−0.39 to −0.20)

<0.001

 

U-Zn

0.17 (0.08 to 0.26)

<0.001

 
 

U-RBP

0.08 (−0.02 to 0.17)

0.12

 

U-Alb

−0.04 (−0.08 to −0.01)

0.02

 

Age

0.07 (0.02 to 0.13)

0.01

 
     

Age

0.07 (0.01 to 0.13)

0.02

 

U-Alb

−0.04 (−0.08 to −0.004)

0.03

 
     

U-RBP

0.08 (−0.01 to 0.17)

0.08

 

U-RBP

0.08 (−0.01 to 0.17)

0.09

 
         

U-Pb

0.06 (−0.01 to 0.17)

0.13

 

With U-β2-m

U-Zn

0.20 (0.10 to 0.30)

<0.001

0.11

U-Zn

0.19 (0.09 to 0.28)

<0.001

0.21

U-Creat

0.56 (0.43 to 0.64)

<0.001

0.51

(n = 238)

Age

0.06 (0.007 to 0.13)

0.03

 

U-Creat

−0.29 (−0.39 to −0.19)

<0.001

 

U-Zn

0.18 (0.09 to 0.27)

<0.001

 
 

U-β2m

0.06 (−0.01 to 0.12)

0.10

 

Age

0.07 (0.01 to 0.13)

0.02

 

Age

0.07 (0.01 to 0.13)

0.02

 
 

U-Pb

0.06 (−0.02 to 0.15)

0.14

 

U-Alb

−0.04 (−0.08 to −0.0001)

0.049

 

U-Alb

−0.04 (−0.07 to 0.001)

0.049

 

With U-CC16

U-Zn

0.18 (0.07 to 0.29)

0.002

0.10

U-Creat

−0.31 (−0.44 to −0.20)

<0.001

0.20

U-Creat

0.45 (0.29 to 0.61)

<0.001

0.44

(n = 182)

U-CC16

0.05 (0.004 to 0.10)

0.02

 

U-Zn

0.17 (0.06 to 0.27)

<0.001

 

U-Zn

0.17 (0.06 to 0.27)

0.002

 
 

U-Pb

0.07 (−0.02 to 0.16)

0.10

 

U-Pb

0.06 (−0.02 to 0.15)

0.13

 

U-Pb

0.06 (−0.02 to 0.14)

0.13

 
  1. All parameters except age were log transformed. Independent variables measured in urine were expressed in the same units as U-Cd. For models built with U-Creat in μg/g creatinine without or with U-Creat among predictors, the highest variance inflation factors (VIF) were 1.064 (U-Creat) in the model with U-A1M, 1.058 (U-Alb) in the model with U-RBP, 1.028 (U-Creat) in the model with U-β2-m and 1.005 (U-Zn and U-Creat) in the model with U-CC16. For the models built with U-Cd in μg/l with U-Creat among predictors, the highest VIF values were 2.47 (U-Creat) in the model with U-A1M, 2.76 (U-Creat) in the model with U-RBP, 2.26 (U-Creat) in the model with U-β2-m and 2.10 (U-Creat) in the model with U-CC16
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X