Table 1 Risk estimates or dose-response coefficients for short and long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and O3
From: Climate change impacts on human health over Europe through its effect on air quality
Exposure and Reference | Outcome | Risk estimate | 95% Confidence interval | Metric |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Short term PM2.5 [7] | All cause | 1.2% per 10 μg m−3 | 0.45, 2.0% | Daily mean |
Long term PM2.5 [9] | All cause | 0.3% per 1 μg m−3 | 0.1, 0.5% | Annual mean |
Long term PM2.5 [7] | All cause | 6.2% per 10 μg m−3 | 4.0, 8.3% | Annual mean |
Short term O3 [8] | All cause | 0.18% (EU) per 10 μg m−3 | 0.07, 0.30% (EU) | Daily mean O3 |
0.31% (USA) per 10 μg m−3 | 0.09, 0.52% (USA) | |||
Short term O3 [7, 3] | All cause | 0.29% per 10 μg m−3 | 0.14, 0.43% | Daily maximum 8-h O3 |
0.34% per 10 μg m −3 | 0.12, 0.56% | |||
Respiratory mortality | 1.4% per 10 μg m−3 | 0.5, 2.4% | Daily maximum 8-h O3 [April-Sept] |