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Table 4 Main results showing effect estimates for road traffic noise with 95% CIs

From: Road traffic noise and children’s inattention

 

Pregnancy

sample

Postnatal

sample

Pregnancy (n = 1934)

Noise at 8 years (n = 1384)

5-year average (3–8 y; n = 1384)

Analysis

N

Coeff. (95% CI)

N

Coeff. (95% CI)

Coeff. (95% CI)

Crudea:

1934

.0033 (−.0019, .0084)

1384

.0088 (.0019, .0157)

.0100 (.0029, .0171)

Minimal adjustment setb:

1934

.0043 (−.0011, .0097)

1384

.0084 (.0013, .0154)

.0094 (.0021, .0168)

Mainc:

1934

.0042 (−.0013, .0096)

1384

.0083 (.0012, .0154)

.0090 (.0016, .0164)

Stratified by maternal education:

 High school

  

181

−.0079 (−.0267,.0109)

−.0091 (−.0289,.0107)

 Up to 4 years of university/college

  

627

.0064 (−.0035, .0163)

.0059 (−.0048, .0166)

 5 or more years of university/college

  

576

.0179 (.0061, .0297).

.0218 (.0100, .0337)

Stratified by household income:

  < 600,000 NOK

605

.0057 (−.0039, .0153)

   

 600,000–900,000 NOK

899

.0017 (−.0063, .0097)

   

  > = 900,000 NOK

430

.0087 (−.0041, .0215)

   

With rail traffic noise (n = 1384/1934):

1934

.0040 (−.0015, .0096)

1384

.0083 (.0011, .0154)

.0085 (.0010, .0159)

Without referred (n = 1352/1889):

1889

.0046 (−.0007, .0098)

1352

.0071 (.0004, .0137)

.0082 (.0012, .0151)

Without parents living apart (n = 1208/1722):

  

1208

.0074 (−.0004, .0152)

.0075 (−.0007, .0165)

Without premature (n = 1322/1851):

1851

.0052 (−.0005, .0109)

1322

.0099 (.0027, .0170)

.0112 (.0037, .0186)

Without low birth wgt (n = 1335/1880):

1880

.0049 (−.0007, .0105)

1335

.0081 (.0009, .0153)

.0093 (.0019, .0168)

Without airpoll at 8 years (n = 401):

  

401

.0091 (−.0042, .0224)

 

With NO2 at 8 years (n = 401):

  

401

.0077 (−.0061, .0215)

 

With NOX at 8 years (n = 401):

  

401

.0079 (−.0057, .0214)

 

With PM2.5 at 8 years (n = 401):

  

401

.0093 (−.0044, .0229)

 

Without 5-y average air pollution (n = 369):

  

369

 

.0054 (−.0084, .0191)

With NO2, 5-y average (n = 369):

  

369

 

.0042 (−.0096, .0181)

With NOX, 5-y average (n = 369):

  

369

 

.0040 (−.0097, .0176)

With PM2.5, 5-y average (n = 369):

  

369

 

.0041 (−.0097, .0180)

Without air poll, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931):

1931

.0042 (−.0013, .0097)

1314

.0081 (.0010, .0152)

.0091 (.0016, .0165)

With NO2, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931):

1931

.0039 (−.0020, .0098)

1314

.0074 (.0001, .0147)

.0083 (.0006, .0160)

With NOX, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931):

1931

.0047 (−.0012, .0107)

1314

.0075 (.0003, .0147)

.0084 (.0007, .0160)

With PM2.5, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931):

1931

.0035 (−.0023, .0093)

1314

.0078 (.0005, .0150)

.0088 (.0011, .0164)

  1. aCovariates included in crude model: age and gender
  2. bCovarites incuded in the minimal adjustment set model: age, gender, income and urbanity
  3. cCovariates included in main model: road traffic noise, age, gender, household income, maternal education, urbanity, ethnicity, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight (>=/<2500 g) and prematurity (>=/<259 days)