|
Prevalence Risk Ratio (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 (per 5 μg/m3)
|
PM2.5iwa (per 5 μg/m3)
|
NOx (per 40 ppb)
|
|---|
|
Prevalent AVC
| |
|
1†
|
1.13 (0.85, 1.50)
|
1.23 (0.98, 1.54)
|
1.14 (0.94, 1.38)
|
|
2‡
|
1.18 (0.87, 1.60)
|
1.27 (1.00, 1.62)
|
1.13 (0.92–1.37)
|
|
3‖
|
1.19 (0.87, 1.62)
|
1.26 (0.98, 1.61)
|
1.11 (0.91–1.37)
|
|
4**
|
1.09 (0.82, 1.60)
|
1.28 (1.01, 1.64)
|
1.09 (0.86–1.33)
|
|
Prevalent MAC
| | | |
|
1†
|
1.26 (0.89, 1.78)
|
1.10 (0.83, 1.45)
|
1.02 (0.82–1.27)
|
|
2‡
|
1.20 (0.81, 1.76)
|
1.06 (0.79, 1.42)
|
0.94 (0.75–1.19)
|
|
3‖
|
1.20 (0.81, 1.77)
|
1.01 (0.75, 1.37)
|
0.95 (0.75–1.21)
|
|
4**
|
1.12 (0.75, 1.68)
|
1.02 (0.75, 1.38)
|
0.98 (0.72–1.20)
|
|
Prevalent CAC
| | | |
|
1†
|
1.12 (1.01, 1.25)
|
1.02 (0.94, 1.11)
|
1.03 (0.96, 1.10)
|
|
2‡
|
1.13 (1.01, 1.27)
|
1.04 (0.95, 1.13)
|
1.00 (0.93, 1.08)
|
|
3‖
|
1.14 (1.01, 1.27)
|
1.05 (0.96, 1.15)
|
1.01 (0.93, 1.08)
|
|
4**
|
1.16 (1.03, 1.31)
|
1.07 (0.98, 1.17)
|
1.01 (0.93, 1.09)
|
- *Bolded results are statistically significant
- †Model 1: age, sex, race/ethnicity, metropolitan area and CT scan type
- ‡Model 2: Model 1 plus smoking status, second-hand smoke exposure, physical activity, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and statin use
- ‖Model 3 (Main model): Model 2 plus income and education
- **Model 4: Model 3 plus family history of heart attack, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, anti-hypertensive medication use, C-reactive protein and eGFR
