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Table 4 Percent change in the number of Psychiatric Emergency Visits (PEVs) with their 95% Confidence Intervals for an increase in 10 μg/m3 in lag 0 of the air pollutant for Single and Multi-pollutant models during the colder season (October to March)

From: The association between daily concentrations of air pollution and visits to a psychiatric emergency unit: a case-crossover study

 

Model

PM10

NO2

O3

Change PEVs (%) (95% CI)

Change PEVs (%) (95% CI)

Change PEVs (%) (95% CI)

Single Pollutant

Crudea

1.3 (−1.2–3.9)

0.5 (−0.9–2.0)

−0.4 (−1.6–0.7)

Single Pollutant

Adjustedb

1.6 (−0.9–4.3)

0.5 (−1.0–2.0)

−0.3 (−1.6–0.9)

Two-pollutants

 PM10 + NO2

Crude

1.1 (−1.5–3.8)

1.0 (−0.6–2.7)

 

 PM10 + NO2

Adjusted

1.5 (−1.2–4.2)

0.8 (−0.9–2.5)

 

 PM10 + O3

Crude

0.7 (−2.2–3.7)

 

0.7 (−1.3–1.4)

 PM10 + O3

Adjusted

1.0 (−0.2–4.1)

 

0.2 (−1.1–1.6)

 NO2 + O3

Crude

 

0.5 (−1.5–2.7)

−0.3 (−1.9–1.3)

 NO2 + O3

Adjusted

 

0.5 (−2.0–3.0)

−0.3 (−1.9–1.4)

Three-pollutants

 PM10 + NO2 + O3

Crude

0.5 (−2.5–3.5)

2.0 (−0.4–4.5)

0.9 (−1.0–2.8)

 PM10 + NO2 + O3

Adjusted

0.8 (−2.3–4.0)

2.0 (−0.6–4.6)

1.1 (−0.9–3.1)

  1. aModel with only air pollutants
  2. bAdjusted = Model adjusting for daily mean temperature (continuous) and public Swedish holiday (Yes/No)