Table 1 Participant characteristics overall (n = 1597) and by maternal smoking status, quartiles of first trimester residential black carbon, and quartiles of prenatal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) plasma concentration
| Â | Prenatal Environmental Exposures | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prenatal smoking | First trimester residential black carbona | PFOS plasma concentrationb | |||||||||
| Â | Overall | No | Yes | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
n = 1597 | n = 1391 | n = 206 | n = 399 | n = 399 | n = 400 | n = 399 | n = 400 | n = 396 | n = 403 | n = 398 | |
Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | ||||||||
Maternal characteristics | |||||||||||
Age at enrollment (years) | 31.8 (5.2) | 32.2 (5.0) | 29.2 (5.8) | 32.9 (4.3) | 32.2 (5.2) | 31.5 (5.4) | 30.7 (5.6) | 32.5 (5.1) | 31.8 (5) | 31.6 (5.3) | 31.5 (5.3) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 (5.6) | 24.9 (5.4) | 26.1 (6.2) | 25.1 (5.5) | 25.0 (5.1) | 25.1 (5.8) | 24.9 (5.7) | 24.4 (5.3) | 24.8 (5.4) | 25.5 (5.8) | 25.3 (5.6) |
College graduate (%) | 65 | 69 | 34 | 75 | 70 | 59 | 56 | 73 | 62 | 64 | 61 |
Nulliparous (%) | 49 | 48 | 55 | 43 | 45 | 50 | 57 | 37 | 45 | 54 | 60 |
Race/ethnicity (%) | |||||||||||
 White | 69 | 69 | 65 | 86 | 73 | 65 | 51 | 70 | 71 | 66 | 67 |
 Black | 15 | 16 | 14 | 7 | 13 | 18 | 25 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 18 |
 Hispanic | 7 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
 Asian | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
 Other | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
Maternal prenatal exposures | |||||||||||
Prenatal smoking (%) | 13 | 0 | 100 | 12 | 10 | 14 | 17 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 14 |
First trimester black carbon (μg/m3) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.0) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.3) |
PFOS plasma concentration (ng/mL) | 29.1 (16.5) | 29.0 (16.9) | 29.6 (14.1) | 29.1 (16.8) | 28.3 (15.2) | 29.1 (16.9) | 30.7 (5.6) | 14.3 (3.6) | 22.3 (1.9) | 29.8 (2.7) | 50.0 (19.2) |
PFNA plasma concentration (ng/mL) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.5) |
Infant characteristics | |||||||||||
Female (%) | 48 | 48 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 46 |
BW/GA z-score | 0.19 (0.96) | 0.22 (0.94) | 0.02 (1.08) | 0.36 (0.92) | 0.24 (0.96) | 0.12 (0.97) | 0.03 (0.98) | 0.30 (0.98) | 0.18 (0.98) | 0.17 (0.95) | 0.10 (0.94) |
Birth weight (g) | 3474 (591) | 3484 (585) | 3403 (626) | 3560 (571) | 3519 (532) | 3424 (644) | 3391 (597) | 3562 (544) | 3457 (652) | 3477 (544) | 3398 (609) |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.4 (1.9) | 39.4 (2.0) | 39.5 (1.8) | 39.5 (1.9) | 39.5 (1.6) | 39.4 (2.2) | 39.4 (2.0) | 39.6 (1.5) | 39.4 (2.3) | 39.5 (1.7) | 39.2 (2.2) |