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Table 1 Summary of the urine GLY levels (ng/mL) and maternal characteristics in the Indiana birth cohort

From: Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study

Covariate

N (%)

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

IQR

Mean

SD

Min

Max

CV

p-value

Glyphosate (ng/mL)

71 (100)

2.84

3.25

3.91

7.20

1.06

3.40

1.24

0.50

7.20

0.36

 

Ethnicity/Race

           

0.17

á…ŸNon-Hispanic White

67 (94.4)

2.84

3.23

3.81

7.20

0.97

3.36

1.25

0.50

7.20

0.37

á…ŸAsian

4 (5.6)

3.55

4.28

4.82

4.89

1.27

4.10

0.93

2.93

4.89

0.23

Infant Sex

           

0.79

á…ŸMale

38 (53.5)

2.86

3.21

4.30

7.20

1.44

3.52

1.27

0.50

7.20

0.36

 

á…ŸFemale

33 (46.5)

2.84

3.30

3.74

6.69

0.90

3.26

1.22

0.50

6.69

0.37

 

Maternal Education

           

0.09

á…ŸHigh school diploma or less

14 (19.7)

3.18

3.70

4.79

5.69

1.61

3.83

1.34

0.50

5.69

0.35

 

ᅟAssociate’s or some college

23 (32.4)

2.73

3.05

3.97

7.20

1.23

3.24

1.38

0.50

7.20

0.42

 

ᅟBachelor’s degree or higher

34 (47.9)

2.84

3.26

3.59

6.69

0.75

3.33

1.10

0.50

6.69

0.33

 

Residential Area

           

0.01

á…ŸRural

14 (19.7)

3.33

4.05

5.24

7.20

1.90

4.19

1.58

0.50

7.20

0.38

 

á…ŸSuburban

50 (70.4)

2.76

3.05

3.58

6.69

0.82

3.17

1.13

0.50

6.69

0.36

 

á…ŸUrban

7 (9.9)

3.19

3.41

3.74

4.24

0.55

3.47

0.50

2.77

4.24

0.14

 

Organic Food Consumption

           

0.62

á…ŸNever

10 (14.1)

2.86

3.67

4.75

7.20

1.89

3.86

1.83

0.50

7.20

0.47

 

á…ŸRarely

39 (54.9)

2.84

3.20

3.81

6.69

0.98

3.37

1.24

0.50

6.69

0.37

 

á…ŸAlways or frequently

22 (31.0)

2.90

3.32

3.63

4.80

0.73

3.25

0.91

0.50

4.80

0.28

 

Corn/Soy Consumption

           

0.69

ᅟ2 days per week or less

5 (7.0)

3.23

3.26

3.75

4.53

0.52

3.50

0.67

2.75

4.53

0.19

 

ᅟ3 days per week or more

66 (93.0)

2.84

3.24

3.92

7.20

1.08

3.39

1.28

0.50

7.20

0.38

 

Drinking Water Source

           

0.11

á…ŸPublic water (some bottled water)

24 (33.8)

3.04

3.41

4.32

7.20

1.28

3.74

1.25

0.50

7.20

0.33

 

á…ŸPublic supply

42 (59.2)

2.75

3.16

3.59

6.69

0.84

3.19

1.25

0.50

6.69

0.39

 

á…ŸPrivate well

4 (5.6)

2.81

2.98

3.55

4.85

0.74

3.38

0.99

2.72

4.85

0.29

 

á…ŸNot reported

1 (1.4)

4.23

4.23

4.23

4.23

0.00

4.23

NA

4.23

4.23

  

Pre-pregnancy BMI

           

0.15

á…ŸLess than 25

33 (46.5)

2.94

3.23

4.80

7.20

1.86

3.59

1.53

0.50

7.20

0.43

 

á…Ÿ25 to 30

20 (28.2)

2.82

3.59

4.23

4.85

1.41

3.54

0.76

1.97

4.85

0.21

 

á…ŸGreater than 30

18 (25.4)

2.75

3.05

3.30

4.27

0.56

2.89

0.96

0.50

4.27

0.33

 

Stressful Pregnancy

           

0.21

á…ŸNot stressful

27 (38.0)

2.78

3.13

3.65

5.69

0.87

3.29

0.95

0.50

5.69

0.29

 

á…ŸSomewhat stressful

37 (52.1)

2.94

3.30

3.74

7.20

0.80

3.37

1.26

0.50

7.20

0.37

 

á…ŸVery stressful

6 (8.5)

3.38

4.61

5.39

6.69

2.01

4.17

2.17

0.50

6.69

0.52

 

á…ŸNot reported

1 (1.4)

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

0.00

2.75

NA

2.75

2.75

  

Consume Caffeine

           

0.99

á…ŸNo

9 (12.7)

2.80

3.30

3.75

4.89

0.95

3.49

0.84

2.66

4.89

0.24

 

á…ŸYes

62 (87.3)

2.85

3.24

3.92

7.20

1.07

3.39

1.30

0.50

7.20

0.38

 

Caffeine Intake

           

0.02

ᅟLess than 8 oz

16 (22.5)

2.76

3.55

4.32

7.20

1.57

3.52

1.45

0.50

7.20

0.41

 

ᅟ8 oz. to 24 oz

38 (53.5)

2.85

3.18

3.54

5.34

0.69

3.05

1.04

0.50

5.34

0.34

 

ᅟ24 oz. or more

8 (11.3)

3.67

4.91

5.60

6.69

1.92

4.69

1.34

2.84

6.69

0.29

 

á…ŸNot reported

9 (12.7)

2.80

3.30

3.75

4.89

0.95

3.49

0.84

2.66

4.89

0.24

 

Household Income

           

0.13

á…ŸLess than $50,000

22 (31.0)

3.07

3.33

3.84

4.93

0.78

3.40

0.87

0.50

4.36

0.26

 

á…Ÿ$50,000 to $99,999

27 (38.0)

2.71

2.93

3.53

6.69

0.82

2.96

1.40

0.50

6.69

0.47

 

á…Ÿ$100,000 or more

15 (21.1)

2.96

3.23

3.66

4.89

0.71

3.44

0.70

2.66

4.89

0.20

 

á…ŸNot reported

7 (9.9)

4.09

5.34

5.63

7.20

1.54

5.01

1.37

3.13

7.20

0.27

 

Maternal Age

           

0.46

á…ŸLess than 20

2 (2.8)

3.24

3.45

3.66

3.87

0.42

3.45

0.60

3.03

3.87

0.17

 

á…Ÿ20 to 35

64 (90.1)

2.82

3.21

3.86

7.20

1.04

3.37

1.30

0.50

7.20

0.38

 

á…ŸGreater than 35

5 (7.0)

3.30

3.41

3.94

4.80

0.63

3.75

0.64

3.30

4.80

0.17

 

Hypertension

           

0.28

á…ŸNo

52 (73.2)

2.83

3.21

3.75

7.20

0.92

3.33

1.27

0.50

7.20

0.38

 

á…ŸYes

19 (26.8)

2.96

3.52

4.10

5.69

1.15

3.59

1.17

0.50

5.69

0.33

 

Diabetes

           

0.08

á…ŸNo

65 (91.5)

2.83

3.20

3.74

7.20

0.91

3.36

1.29

0.50

7.20

0.38

 

á…ŸYes

6 (8.5)

3.49

3.84

4.19

4.53

0.69

3.85

0.50

3.23

4.53

0.13

 

Drug Use

           

NR

á…ŸNo

69 (97.2)

2.84

3.25

3.87

7.20

1.03

3.42

1.20

0.50

7.20

0.35

 

á…ŸYes

1 (1.4)

4.93

4.93

4.93

4.93

0.00

4.33

NA

4.93

4.93

  

á…ŸNot reported

1 (1.4)

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.00

0.50

NA

0.50

0.50

  

Tobacco Use

           

0.93

á…ŸNo

59 (83.1)

2.91

3.26

3.75

7.20

0.84

3.42

1.14

0.50

7.20

0.33

 

á…ŸYes

12 (16.9)

2.62

3.12

4.63

5.69

2.01

3.30

1.73

0.50

5.69

0.52

 

Alcohol Use

           

0.86

á…ŸNo

68 (95.8)

2.84

3.26

3.89

7.20

1.05

3.39

1.25

0.50

7.20

0.37

 

á…ŸYes

3 (4.2)

2.88

3.05

3.99

4.93

1.11

3.56

1.20

2.70

4.33

0.34

 
  1. Legend: N = number of samples; Q1 = first quartile; Q2 = second quartile; Q3 = third quartile; Q4 = fourth quartile; IQR = inter-quartile range; Mean = mean GLY value of each group; Min = minimum value in the group; SD = standard deviation of group; CV = coefficient of variation; p-value derived from Kruskal Wallis chi-square test at significance level of 0.05 for comparisons across groups; NR = not reported due to one case of drug use; NA = not applicable