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Table 4 Percentage changes with 95% CIs in outpatient and inpatient visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with an interquartile range increases in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration (90.8 μg/m3) by season, sex and agea

From: Short-term effects of ambient fine particulate matter pollution on hospital visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Beijing, China

 

Percentage change

95% CI

P-value

Outpatient visits

 Seasonb

  

< 0.001

  Cool

2.19

1.99–2.40

 

  Warm

2.80

2.51–3.09

 

 Sex

  

< 0.001

  Male

2.10

1.88–2.31

 

  Female

2.70

2.47–2.93

 

 Age (year)

  

< 0.001

  <  65

1.41

1.18–1.63

 

  ≥ 65

3.30

3.08–3.53

 

Inpatient visits

 Seasonb

  

< 0.001

  Cool

2.96

1.91–4.01

 

  Warm

8.35

6.76–9.98

 

 Sex

  

0.982

  Male

6.03

4.94–7.12

 

  Female

6.01

4.69–7.34

 

 Age (year)

  

0.005

  <  65

4.21

2.61–5.82

 

  ≥ 65

6.72

5.73–7.71

 
  1. aLag 0 concentrations were used
  2. bCool season: from October to March; Warm season: from April to September
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X