| At age 5 years | At age 8 years | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive skin prick tests (Skin prick test > 3 mm) | Number (%) | n | Number (%) | n |
 Any of 11 inhalant and food allergensa | 151 (36.9%) | 409 | 173 (45.3%) | 382 |
 Inhalant allergenb | 145 (35.4%) | 409 | 170 (44.5%) | 382 |
 Ingested allergenc | 25 (6.1%) | 409 | 30 (7.9%) | 382 |
 House dust mite (HDM) | 120 (29.3%) | 409 | 137 (35.9%) | 382 |
 Ryegrass | 43 (10.5%) | 409 | 69 (18.1%) | 381 |
 Grass mix | 43 (10.5%) | 409 | 51 (13.4%) | 380 |
 Alternaria tenuis | 29 (7.1%) | 409 | 43 (9.7%) | 380 |
 Cockroach | 18 (4.4%) | 409 | 18 (4.7%) | 381 |
 Cat dander | 16 (4.5%) | 409 | 23 (4.5%) | 382 |
Cytokines and total IgE | ||||
 HDM specific IL-5 responder | 78 (25.4%) | 307 | 78 (30.23%) | 258 |
 HDM specific IL-10 responder | 150 (51.1%) | 293 | 121 (46.7%) | 281 |
 Total IgE (kU/L) | Median:70 IQR(25–186) | 341 | Median:118 IQR(37–392) | 303 |
Questionnaire variables | ||||
 Doctor-diagnosed asthma | 114 (27.2%) | 418 | 119 (28.40%) | 419 |
 Ever Doctor-diagnosed Asthma | 141 (33.6%) | 419 | 170 (40.5%) | 419 |
 Wheeze in last 12 months | 130 (31.1%) | 418 | 114 (27.2%) | 419 |
 Wheeze in the last 12 months + asthma diagnosis | 83 (19.8%) | 418 | 91 (21.7%) | 419 |
 Cough in last 12 months at least four times | 143 (34.2%) | 418 | 101 (24.1%) | 419 |
 Doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis | 23 (5.5%) | 418 | 52 (12.4%) | 419 |
 Doctor diagnosed eczema | 119 (28.47%) | 418 | 129 (30.7%) | 419 |
 Eczema in the last 12 months | 92 (22.1%) | 416 | 58 (14.3%) | 405 |
Spirometry | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N |
 FEV1 pre bronchodilator % predicted | 115.8% (17.7) | 328 | 100.1% (11.8) | 396 |
 FVC pre bronchodilator % predicted | 124.3% (20.3) | 323 | 98.9% (11.6) | 390 |
 FEV1 post bronchodilator % predicted | 120.0% (18.4) | 323 | 105.9% (11.1) | 392 |
 FVC post bronchodilator % predicted | 128.2% (19.7) | 323 | 99.5% (10.6) | 386 |
 FEV1/FVC ratio pre bronchodilator | 0.93 (0.06) | 328 | 0.89 (0.07) | 391 |
 FEV1/FVC ratio post bronchodilator | 0.93 (0.06) | 328 | 0.93 (0.05) | 387 |
 pre Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) | 2.28 (0.47) | 326 | 203 (37.1) | 410 |
 post Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) | 2.33 (0.53) | 321 | 211 (38.2) | 406 |
 Pre forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (FEF50) | 1.60 (0.41) | 326 | 2.18 (0.55) | 410 |
 Post forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity(FEF50) | 1.77 (0.51) | 321 | 2.51 (0.53) | 406 |
 Pre forced expiratory flow at mid-expiratory phase(FEF25–75) | 1.46 (0.37) | 326 | 2.11(0.43) | 410 |
 Post forced expiratory flow at mid-expiratory phase(FEF25–75) | 1.61 (0.46) | 321 | 2.35 (0.43) | 406 |
 Exposure | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N |
 Weighted road density within 50 m of home, where one unit represents 100 m local road or 33.3 m of motorway | 1.04 (0.6) | 390 | 1.1 (0.6) | 389 |
 Mean Omega3:Omega6 ratio (fish oil supplemented vs. non-supplemented (p-value significance)) | 0.18 vs. 0.14(***) | 367 | 0.15 vs. 0.15(NS) | 314 |
 | Number (%) | N | Number (%) | N |
 Fish oil supplementation at age 5 years | 214 (51%) | 419 | 214 (51%) | 419 |
 Urban environment | 392 (93.7%) | 418 | 421 (91.9%) | 458 |