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Table 1 Allergic sensitisation, self-reported allergic disease, lung function testing, weighted road density and potential confounders at age 5 and 8 years

From: Childhood fish oil supplementation modifies associations between traffic related air pollution and allergic sensitisation

 

At age 5 years

At age 8 years

Positive skin prick tests (Skin prick test > 3 mm)

Number (%)

n

Number (%)

n

 Any of 11 inhalant and food allergensa

151 (36.9%)

409

173 (45.3%)

382

 Inhalant allergenb

145 (35.4%)

409

170 (44.5%)

382

 Ingested allergenc

25 (6.1%)

409

30 (7.9%)

382

 House dust mite (HDM)

120 (29.3%)

409

137 (35.9%)

382

 Ryegrass

43 (10.5%)

409

69 (18.1%)

381

 Grass mix

43 (10.5%)

409

51 (13.4%)

380

 Alternaria tenuis

29 (7.1%)

409

43 (9.7%)

380

 Cockroach

18 (4.4%)

409

18 (4.7%)

381

 Cat dander

16 (4.5%)

409

23 (4.5%)

382

Cytokines and total IgE

 HDM specific IL-5 responder

78 (25.4%)

307

78 (30.23%)

258

 HDM specific IL-10 responder

150 (51.1%)

293

121 (46.7%)

281

 Total IgE (kU/L)

Median:70 IQR(25–186)

341

Median:118 IQR(37–392)

303

Questionnaire variables

 Doctor-diagnosed asthma

114 (27.2%)

418

119 (28.40%)

419

 Ever Doctor-diagnosed Asthma

141 (33.6%)

419

170 (40.5%)

419

 Wheeze in last 12 months

130 (31.1%)

418

114 (27.2%)

419

 Wheeze in the last 12 months + asthma diagnosis

83 (19.8%)

418

91 (21.7%)

419

 Cough in last 12 months at least four times

143 (34.2%)

418

101 (24.1%)

419

 Doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis

23 (5.5%)

418

52 (12.4%)

419

 Doctor diagnosed eczema

119 (28.47%)

418

129 (30.7%)

419

 Eczema in the last 12 months

92 (22.1%)

416

58 (14.3%)

405

Spirometry

Mean (SD)

N

Mean (SD)

N

 FEV1 pre bronchodilator % predicted

115.8% (17.7)

328

100.1% (11.8)

396

 FVC pre bronchodilator % predicted

124.3% (20.3)

323

98.9% (11.6)

390

 FEV1 post bronchodilator % predicted

120.0% (18.4)

323

105.9% (11.1)

392

 FVC post bronchodilator % predicted

128.2% (19.7)

323

99.5% (10.6)

386

 FEV1/FVC ratio pre bronchodilator

0.93 (0.06)

328

0.89 (0.07)

391

 FEV1/FVC ratio post bronchodilator

0.93 (0.06)

328

0.93 (0.05)

387

 pre Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)

2.28 (0.47)

326

203 (37.1)

410

 post Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)

2.33 (0.53)

321

211 (38.2)

406

 Pre forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (FEF50)

1.60 (0.41)

326

2.18 (0.55)

410

 Post forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity(FEF50)

1.77 (0.51)

321

2.51 (0.53)

406

 Pre forced expiratory flow at mid-expiratory phase(FEF25–75)

1.46 (0.37)

326

2.11(0.43)

410

 Post forced expiratory flow at mid-expiratory phase(FEF25–75)

1.61 (0.46)

321

2.35 (0.43)

406

 Exposure

Mean (SD)

N

Mean (SD)

N

 Weighted road density within 50 m of home, where one unit represents 100 m local road or 33.3 m of motorway

1.04 (0.6)

390

1.1 (0.6)

389

 Mean Omega3:Omega6 ratio (fish oil supplemented vs. non-supplemented (p-value significance))

0.18 vs. 0.14(***)

367

0.15 vs. 0.15(NS)

314

 

Number (%)

N

Number (%)

N

 Fish oil supplementation at age 5 years

214 (51%)

419

214 (51%)

419

 Urban environment

392 (93.7%)

418

421 (91.9%)

458

  1. aAny of egg white, egg yolk, salmon, tuna, peanuts, D. Pteronyssinus, cat dander, cockroach, alternaria, rye grass, grass mix, dog hair, aspergillus
  2. bAny of D. Pteronyssinus, cat dander, cockroach, rye grass, grass mix, alternaria, dog hair, aspergillus
  3. cAny of egg white, egg yolk, salmon, tuna, peanuts
  4. ***t-test p-value < 0.001
  5. NSt-test p-value > 0.1