High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA

Alexeeff, Stacey E.; Roy, Ananya; Shan, Jun; Liu, Xi; Messier, Kyle; Apte, Joshua S.; Portier, Christopher; Sidney, Stephen; Van Den Eeden, Stephen K.

doi:10.1186/s12940-018-0382-1

Environmental Health

Table 3 For elderly and non-elderly, risk of an incident cardiovascular event associated with each air pollutant

From: High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA

Outcome	Events	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)^a
Outcome	Events	NO₂	NO	Black carbon
Elderly (age 65+; N = 3278):
First cardiovascular event
Cardiovascular event or death^b	379	1.12 (1.02, 1.24)^§	1.12 (1.03, 1.22)^§	1.07 (0.97, 1.17)^§
Myocardial infarction	121	1.20 (1.02, 1.42)^§	1.20 (1.06, 1.36)^§	1.15 (0.98, 1.36)^§
Revascularization	54	1.04 (0.82, 1.33)	1.15 (0.94, 1.40)	1.00 (0.79, 1.27)
Stroke	172	1.03 (0.88, 1.19)	1.00 (0.86, 1.16)	0.99 (0.86, 1.15)
Coronary heart disease event or death^c	226	1.16 (1.02, 1.31)^§	1.17 (1.06, 1.29)^§	1.15 (1.02, 1.29)^§
Cerebrovascular disease event or death^d	182	1.05 (0.91,1.21)	1.03 (0.89, 1.18)	0.98 (0.85, 1.14)
Cardiovascular death
Coronary heart disease death	92	1.16 (0.93, 1.44)	1.11 (0.93, 1.33)	1.22 (1.01, 1.46)^§
Cerebrovascular disease death	23	1.37 (0.90, 2.08)	1.13 (0.85, 1.50)	0.92 (0.57, 1.50)
Non-elderly (age ≤ 65; N = 38,591):
First cardiovascular event
Cardiovascular event or death^b	314	0.93 (0.83, 1.03)^§	0.94 (0.84, 1.05)^§	0.92 (0.83, 1.02)^§
Myocardial infarction	103	0.96 (0.80, 1.16)^§	0.83 (0.65, 1.04)^§	0.94 (0.80, 1.12)^§
Revascularization	76	0.96 (0.77, 1.20)	0.86 (0.66, 1.12)	1.05 (0.86, 1.28)
Stroke	153	0.91 (0.77, 1.06)	0.95 (0.80, 1.12)	0.92 (0.80, 1.07)
Coronary heart disease event or death^c	168	0.93 (0.80, 1.07)^§	0.82 (0.69, 0.99)^§	0.95 (0.83, 1.08)^§
Cerebrovascular disease event or death^d	155	0.91 (0.78, 1.07)	0.94 (0.79, 1.12)	0.92 (0.80, 1.06)
Cardiovascular death
Coronary heart disease death	38	0.96 (0.72, 1.27)	0.84 (0.59, 1.20)	0.95 (0.73, 1.23)^§
Cerebrovascular disease death	4	1.32 (0.73, 2.41)	1.13 (0.51, 2.51)	0.84 (0.39, 1.92)

All models were adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI, NDI, smoking, baseline co-morbidities, medications
^aEstimated hazard ratios per increase of one standard deviation in the median long-term exposure to each traffic-related air pollutant
^bEvents include myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, death from coronary heart disease, and death from cerebrovascular disease
^cEvents include myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and death from coronary heart disease
^dEvents include stroke and death from cerebrovascular disease
^§P-value < 0.05 for interaction term, indicating statistically significant differences by elderly status in the association of the air pollutant with risk of the cardiovascular event

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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