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Table 1 Baseline characteristics among 245 pregnant women in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study by second trimester glucose challenge test (GCT) level

From: Trimester-specific phthalate concentrations and glucose levels among women from a fertility clinic

Characteristic, N (%)

Total

GCT < 140 mg/dL

GCT ≥ 140 mg/dL

P value1

N

245

200

45

 

Age at pregnancy (years)

0.59

 Mean ± SD

35.3 ± 3.8

35.2 ± 3.8

35.6 ± 3.7

 

 Range

26.0–47.0

26.0–47.0

29.0–42.0

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

 BMI < 25

171 (69.8)

144 (72.0)

27 (60.0)

0.15

 BMI ≥ 25

74 (30.2)

56 (28.0)

18 (40.0)

 

Smoking status

0.25

 Never smoked

181 (73.9)

151 (75.5)

30 (66.7)

 

 Current smoker

58 (23.7)

45 (22.5)

13 (28.9)

 Former smoker

6 (2.5)

4 (2.0)

2 (4.4)

Race

0.09

 Caucasian

213 (86.9)

177 (88.5)

36 (80.0)

 

 Black/African American

5 (2.0)

4 (2.0)

1 (2.2)

 Asian

17 (6.9)

10 (5.0)

7 (15.6)

 Other

10 (4.1)

9 (4.5)

1 (2.2)

Education

0.60

 High school graduate or less

23 (9.4)

18 (9.0)

5 (11.1)

 

 Some college

7 (2.9)

5 (2.5)

2 (4.4)

 College graduate or higher

215 (87.8)

177 (88.5)

38 (84.4)

Family history of diabetes

30 (12.2)

8 (17.8)

22 (11.0)

0.21

Infertility diagnosis

0.01

 Male factor

68 (27.8)

48 (24.0)

20 (44.4)

 

 Female factor

78 (31.8)

64 (32.0)

14 (31.1)

  Decreased ovarian reserve

16 (6.5)

12 (6.0)

4 (8.9)

  Ovulatory

33 (13.5)

29 (14.5)

4 (8.9)

  Endometriosis

12 (4.9)

11 (5.5)

1 (2.2)

  Uterine

5 (2.0)

4 (2.0)

1 (2.2)

  Tubal

12 (4.9)

8 (4.0)

4 (8.9)

  Unexplained

99 (40.4)

88 (44.0)

11 (24.4)

Treatment

0.81

 IVF

138 (56.3)

111 (55.5)

27 (60.0)

 

 IUI

54 (22.0)

44 (22.0)

10 (22.2)

 Natural

53 (21.6)

45 (22.5)

8 (17.8)

Fetus number of the pregnancy

0.54

 One fetus

198 (80.8)

163 (81.5)

35 (77.8)

 

 Two fetuses

47 (19.2)

37 (18.5)

10 (22.2)

  1. Abbreviations: GCT 50-g glucose challenging test (non-fasting), BMI body mass index, DOR diminished ovarian reserve, IVF in vitro fertilization, IUI intrauterine insemination, SD standard deviation
  2. 1Kruskal-Wallis analyses (for continuous variables) and Fishers exact tests (for categorical variables) were used to test for associations by impaired glucose tolerance status.