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Table 3 Birth outcomes of newborns stratified by the four maternal urinary PAH metabolites

From: Maternal urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene and birth outcomes in Taiyuan, China

Group

N

BW

BL

BHC

PI

CI

2-OH NAP (μg/g Cr)

 Low (<  4.03)

67

3484.7

50.9

34.4

2.6

100.1

 Middle (4.03–9.41)

130

3385.1

50.6

34.5

2.6

103.3

 High (≥ 9.41)

66

3332.2

50.5

34.3

2.6

104.4

  P for trend

 

0.049

0.301

0.525

0.305

0.038

2-OH FLU (μg/g Cr)

 Low (<  2.23)

66

3488.4

51.0

34.4

2.6

99.9

 Middle (2.23–5.40)

131

3396.0

50.7

34.5

2.6

102.8

 High (≥ 5.40)

66

3308.3

50.3

34.4

2.6

105.5

  P for trend

 

0.060

0.118

0.923

0.805

0.027

9-OH PHE (μg/g Cr)

 Low (<  1.46)

66

3372.6

50.6

34.5

2.6

103.3

 Middle (1.46–4.68)

131

3392.1

50.8

34.4

2.6

102.7

 High (≥ 4.68)

66

3431.9

50.5

34.4

2.7

102.3

  P for trend

 

0.567

0.699

0.866

0.404

0.708

1-OH PYR (μg/g Cr)

 Low (<  0.90)

66

3401.6

50.1

34.5

2.7

102.9

 Middle (0.90–3.03)

131

3362.2

50.8

34.4

2.6

103.7

 High (≥ 3.03)

66

3462.2

50.9

34.4

2.6

100.8

  P for trend

 

0.550

0.108

0.887

0.218

0.439

  1. Adjusted by parity, maternal BMI, maternal age, gender of newborn, gestational age, eating grilled meat, passive smoking, and levels of the other three PAH metabolites, urinary phenol, and cord blood lead. P-value < 0.05 was marked in bold