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Table 3 Summary of Neonicotinoid Concentrations by Organic Major Commodity,1999–2015

From: Trends in neonicotinoid pesticide residues in food and water in the United States, 1999–2015

Neonicotinoid

MajorCommod

Total N

N > LOD

Detect Freq %

Mean Conca (ppm)

Min Conc (ppm)

Max Conc (ppm)

Organic commodity with max conc (year, domestic or import and country of origin)

Acetamiprid

Fruits

1175

31

2.64

0.016

0.002

0.058

Cherries, frozen; imported 2015 Turkey

Vegetables

2003

13

0.65

0.14

0.0017

1.60

bSpinach; domestic 2009

Meat

23

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dairy

310

0

0

0

0

0

 

Grain (includes Rice)

64

0

0

0

0

0

 

Nuts

11

0

0

0

0

0

 

Clothianidin

Fruits

1087

3

0.28

0.055

0.015

0.12

Grapes; domestic 2010

Vegetables

1963

5

0.25

0.071

0.003

0.21

Sweet Bell Peppers; imported 2012 Mexico

Meat

23

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dairy

134

0

0

0

0

0

 

Grain (includes Rice)

65

0

0

0

0

0

 

Nuts

11

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dinotefuran

Fruits

994

0

0

0

0

0

 

Vegetables

1264

5

0.40

0.045

0.01

0.18

Cherry Tomatoes; imported 2012 Dominican Republic

Meat

23

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dairy

242

0

0

0

0

0

 

Grain (includes Rice)

64

1

1.56

0.049

0.049

0.049

bRice; domestic 2014

Nuts

11

0

0

0

0

0

 

Flonicamid

Fruits

1024

0

0

0

0

0

 

Vegetables

1681

16

0.95

0.178

0.002

1.50

Spinach; domestic 2015

Meat

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dairy

257

0

0

0

0

0

 

Grain (includes Rice)

21

0

0

0

0

0

 

Nuts

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

Imidacloprid

Fruits

1383

13

0.94

0.027

0.002

0.095

Cherries; domestic 2007

Vegetables

2102

31

1.47

0.062

0.0002

1.50

bBroccoli; domestic 2013

Meat

23

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dairy

310

0

0

0

0

0

 

Grain (includes Rice)

111

0

0

0

0

0

 

Nuts

23

0

0

0

0

0

 

Thiacloprid

Fruits

1054

27

2.56

0.043

0.006

0.098

Cherries, frozen; imported 2015 Turkey

Vegetables

1224

0

0

0

0

0

 

Meat

23

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dairy

189

0

0

0

0

0

 

Grain (includes Rice)

15

0

0

0

0

0

 

Nuts

0

0

0

0

0

0

 

Thiamethoxam

Fruits

1258

3

0.24

0.001

0.0020

0.024

Strawberries; domestic 2015

Vegetables

2180

6

0.28

0.018

0.0025

0.078

Sweet Bell Peppers; imported 2012 Mexico

Meat

23

0

0

0

0

0

 

Dairy

264

0

0

0

0

0

 

Grain (includes Rice)

65

0

0

0

0

0

 

Nuts

11

0

0

0

0

0

 
  1. aJust among samples above LOD; See Additional file 2 for LODs by year, commodity and neonicotinoid
  2. bMaximum residue concentration among all major commodities of same type