| |
Participants
|
Non-Participants
| |
|---|
|
Characteristic
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Overall
|
36,864
|
54.6
|
30,640
|
45.4
| |
|
Sex
|
|
Male
|
22,291
|
60.5
|
18,280
|
59.7
|
.03
|
|
Female
|
14,573
|
39.5
|
12,360
|
40.3
| |
|
Age on 9/11
|
|
<18
|
886
|
2.4
|
1461
|
4.8
|
<.01
|
|
18–24
|
1776
|
4.8
|
2561
|
8.4
| |
|
25–44
|
18,840
|
51.1
|
17,527
|
57.4
| |
|
45–64
|
14,453
|
39.2
|
8082
|
26.5
| |
|
65+
|
891
|
2.4
|
912
|
3.0
| |
|
Race/ethnicity
|
|
White
|
25,682
|
69.7
|
16,896
|
55.1
|
<.01
|
|
Black or African American
|
3554
|
9.6
|
4539
|
14.8
| |
|
Hispanic or Latino
|
4204
|
11.4
|
4922
|
16.1
| |
|
Asian
|
2134
|
5.8
|
2739
|
8.9
| |
|
Other
|
1290
|
3.5
|
1544
|
5.0
| |
|
Education
|
|
Less than high school
|
8200
|
22.4
|
9191
|
30.7
|
<.01
|
|
At least some college
|
8999
|
24.6
|
7148
|
23.9
| |
|
College or higher
|
19,384
|
53.0
|
13,617
|
45.5
| |
|
Income
|
|
Less than $25,000
|
2932
|
8.8
|
3938
|
14.8
|
<.01
|
|
$25,000 - $74,999
|
13,644
|
41.1
|
11,725
|
44.2
| |
|
$75,000 - $150,000
|
12,483
|
37.6
|
7892
|
29.8
| |
|
$150,000 or more
|
4169
|
12.6
|
2976
|
11.2
| |
|
Smoking status
|
|
Never
|
21,019
|
57.8
|
17,566
|
59.3
|
<.01
|
|
Former
|
10,311
|
28.3
|
6774
|
22.9
| |
|
Current
|
5060
|
13.9
|
5267
|
17.8
| |
|
Self identified
|
|
Yes
|
27,684
|
75.1
|
19,840
|
64.8
|
<.01
|
|
No
|
9180
|
24.9
|
10,800
|
35.3
| |
|
Registry eligibility group
|
|
Rescue/recovery worker
|
16,976
|
46.7
|
12,602
|
41.8
|
<.01
|
|
Lower Manhattan area resident
|
5361
|
14.8
|
6237
|
20.7
| |
|
Area workers and school staff/students
|
12,600
|
34.7
|
10,000
|
33.2
| |
|
Passersby
|
1417
|
3.9
|
1310
|
4.4
| |
|
Dust cloud exposure
|
|
Yes
|
19,121
|
52.1
|
15,602
|
51.2
|
.02
|
|
No
|
17,575
|
47.9
|
14,873
|
48.8
| |
|
Personally witnessed trauma on 9/11
|
|
Yes
|
25,130
|
69.5
|
20,849
|
69.7
|
.63
|
|
No
|
11,041
|
30.5
|
9085
|
30.4
| |
|
Asthma at Wave 1
|
|
Yes
|
5191
|
14.1
|
4266
|
14.0
|
.69
|
|
No
|
31,586
|
85.9
|
26,193
|
86.0
| |
|
GERS a at Wave 1
|
|
Yes
|
11,202
|
30.5
|
9237
|
30.4
|
.67
|
|
No
|
25,484
|
69.5
|
21,166
|
69.6
| |
|
PTSD b at Wave 1
|
|
Yes
|
5386
|
15.0
|
5285
|
18.2
|
<.01
|
|
No
|
30,629
|
85.1
|
23,690
|
81.8
| |
- aGastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) were defined as reported heartburn, indigestion, or reflux at the time of the Wave 1 questionnaire
- bPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was defined as a score > 44 on the 17-item, event-specific PTSD Checklist
