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Table 3 exp(β)a of Tampon Use and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CIs) for Blood Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers

From: Tampon use, environmental chemicals and oxidative stress in the BioCycle study

 

Model 1b

Model 2c

Model 3d

exp(β) (95% CI)

exp(β) (95% CI)

exp(β) (95% CI)

TBARS (nmol/mL)

 Menses

0.98 (0.93, 1.03)

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

0.99 (0.94, 1.05)

 Early-follicular phase

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

1.01 (0.95, 1.06)

 Menstruating Week

0.99 (0.94, 1.03)

0.99 (0.94, 1.05)

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

 Cycle

0.99 (0.94, 1.03)

1.02 (0.99, 1.07)

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

 Cycle except menstruating week

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

1.03 (0.99, 1.08)

1.04 (0.99, 1.08)

PON1A (μmol/min/L)

 Menses

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

1.03 (0.99, 1.08)

1.03 (0.99, 1.08)

 Early-follicular phase

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

1.03 (0.99, 1.08)

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

 Menstruating Week

1.01 (0.98, 1.05)

1.02 (0.98, 1.05)

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

 Cycle

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

 Cycle except menstruating week

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

PON1P (μmol/min/L)

 Menses

0.87 (0.78, 0.98)

1.02 (0.91, 1.15)

1.02 (0.91, 1.15)

 Early-follicular phase

0.90 (0.81, 1.00)

1.02 (0.91, 1.14)

1.02 (0.91, 1.14)

 Menstruating Week

0.90 (0.82, 0.99)

1.01 (0.91, 1.11)

1.01 (0.91, 1.12)

 Cycle

0.91 (0.86, 0.97)

0.95 (0.90, 1.02)

0.95 (0.89, 1.02)

 Cycle except menstruating week

0.91 (0.86, 0.98)

0.96 (0.90, 1.03)

0.96 (0.90, 1.03)

Isoprostane (pg/mL)

 Menses

1.09 (1.00, 1.19)

1.04 (0.95, 1.15)

1.04 (0.95, 1.14)

 Early-follicular phase

1.09 (1.01, 1.19)

1.05 (0.96, 1.15)

1.05 (0.96, 1.15)

 Menstruating Week

1.09 (1.01, 1.19)

1.05 (0.96, 1.15)

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

 Cycle

1.07 (1.00, 1.15)

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

 Cycle except menstruating week

1.06 (0.99, 1.12)

1.02 (0.95, 1.09)

1.02 (0.95, 1.09)

CRP (mg/L)

 Menses

1.13 (0.91, 1.41)

1.10 (0.88, 1.38)

1.06 (0.85, 1.32)

 Early-follicular phase

0.93 (0.75, 1.15)

0.96 (0.78, 1.20)

0.93 (0.75, 1.16)

 Menstruating Week

0.99 (0.81, 1.22)

1.01 (0.82, 1.25)

0.98 (0.80, 1.20)

 Cycle

0.94 (0.77, 1.12)

0.95 (0.77, 1.16)

0.94 (0.76, 1.15)

 Cycle except menstruating week

0.89 (0.73, 1.10)

0.90 (0.73, 1.11)

0.90 (0.73, 1.11)

  1. aRatio of the expected geometric mean for those who used tampons over those who did not
  2. bCrude model (no covariates other than tampon use included)
  3. cBasic model including age, BMI, smoking, education, race, parity, and physical activity
  4. dExtended model additionally adjusting for birth control use and marital status