Table 10 Effects of glyphosate or Roundup Bioflow exposure on hormone ratios in males (Mean ± SEM)

No. of males examined

8 (8)

8 (8)

8 (8)

10 (10)

10 (10)

10 (10)

fT/TT (x 10⁻³)

12.5 ± 1.35

8.67 ± 0.83^{a *}

10.8 ± 0.45^b

53.0 ± 11.1^c

85.0 ± 27.5^c

24.7 ± 4.03^*

DHT/TT

0.658 ± 0.081

0.511 ± 0.087

0.614 ± 0.122^d

2.195 ± 0.37

2.490 ± 0.70

0.65 ± 0.15^{c **}

E2/TT (× 10^− 3)

1.01 ± 0.19^d

2.65 ± 1.15

10.1 ± 5.17^d

1.59 ± 1.23^c

0.52 ± 0.14^e

1.84 ± 0.42^c

TT/SHBG (× 10^− 4)

12.90 ± 1.35

12.23 ± 3.25

10.1 ± 1.37^d

88.30 ± 31.86

86.59 ± 33.21

40.68 ± 9.36

E2/SHBG (× 10^− 6)

1.24 ± 0.23^d

3.90 ± 2.21

7.18 ± 2.66^*

3.87 ± 2.69^c

1.20 ± 0.003^f

6.66 ± 1.25