Table 1 Comparison of occupational biomonitoring studies for glyphosate in urine, 1991–2018
From: Historical evidence of glyphosate exposure from a US agricultural cohort
Time of Collection | Method | Number of samples tested | Creatinine | Glyphosate Average Concentration | LOD | % above LOD | AMPA | LOD | % above LOD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present Study (2019) United States | After application | LC-MS/MS | 35 | uncorrected | 4.04 ppb | 0.1 ppb | 39 | 4.1 ppb | 0.1 ppb | 6 |
Jauhainen et al. (1991) Finland | After application | GC | 5 | uncorrected | <LOD | 100 ppb | 0 | NR | NR | NR |
Acquavella et al. (2004) United Staes | Spot samples | HPLC | 48 | uncorrected | 3.2 ppb | 1 ppb | 60 | NR | NR | NR |
Curwin et al. (2007) United States | Spot samples | FCMIA | 24 | corrected | 1.6 ppb | 0.9 ppb | 23 | NR | NR | NR |
Mesnage et al. (2012) France | After application | LC-MS | 1 | uncorrected | 9.5 ppb | 1 ppb | 20 | NR | NR | NR |
Two days later | 1 | 2 ppb | 1 ppb | 20 | NR | NR | NR | |||
Jayasumana et al. (2015) Sri Lanka | Spot samples | ELISA | 10 | corrected | 73.5 ppb | 0.5 ppb | NR | NR | NR | |
Connolly et al. (2017) Ireland | Before application | LC MS/MS | 18 | corrected | 0.71 ppb | 0.5 ppb | 35 | NR | NR | NR |
After application | 18 | 1.35 ppb | 0.5 ppb | 55 | NR | NR | NR | |||
Rendon von Osten et al. (2017) Mexico | Spot samples | ELISA | 81 | uncorrected | 0.22–0.47 ppba | 0.05 ppb | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Connolly et al. (2018) Ireland | Before use | LC MS/MS | 20 | corrected | 1.08 ppb | 0.5 ppb | 62 | NR | NR | NR |
After use | 20 | 1.72 ppb | 0.5 ppb | 82 | NR | NR | NR | |||
Morning void | 20 | 1.32 ppb | 0.5 ppb | 62 | NR | NR | NR | |||
Peak sample | 20 | 2.53 ppb | 0.5 ppb | 93 | NR | NR | NR |