Exposure to arsenic in utero is associated with various types of DNA damage and micronuclei in newborns: a birth cohort study

Table 3 DNA damage in cord blood of newborns exposed to arsenic in utero

Types of DNA damage	Maternal arsenic exposure by toenail As			FDR- adjusted p-value^a
Types of DNA damage	Low (< 0.5 μg/g)	Medium (0.5–1 μg/g)	High (> 1 μg/g)	FDR- adjusted p-value^a
8-OHdG (ng/mL)	0.24 ± 0.01^b	0.26 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.01^**	0.010
	0.24 (0.13–0.44)^c	0.26 (0.18–0.49)	0.26 (0.19–0.55)
	(n = 81)	(n = 52)	(n = 61)
8-Nitroguanine (ng/mL)	157.66 ± 13.85	183.21 ± 17.90	229.94 ± 23.34^*	0.032
	117.20 (13.59–426.51)	154.99 (22.51–540.60)	178.77 (26.73–831.84)
	(n = 78)	(n = 53)	(n = 58)
DNA strand breaks
Tail length (μm)	2.37 ± 0.08	2.81 ± 0.10^**	3.04 ± 0.09^***	0.000
	2.38 (0.65–4.11)	2.74 (1.13–4.03)	2.98 (1.69–4.92)
	(n = 73)	(n = 48)	(n = 54)
Olive tail moment (μm)^d	0.20 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01^**	0.27 ± 0.01^***	0.000
	0.19 (0.07–0.39)	0.22 (0.07–0.44)	0.26 (0.11–0.49)
	(n = 73)	(n = 48)	(n = 54)
%DNA in tail	1.36 ± 0.06	1.62 ± 0.08^*	1.94 ± 0.10^{***, ##}	0.000
	1.28 (0.53–3.00)	1.51 (0.37–2.88)	1.82 (0.48–4.05)
	(n = 73)	(n = 48)	(n = 54)

^aThe raw p-values were subjected to multiple testing correction using FDR-adjusted p-value; Statistically significant difference among groups at p < 0.05 by One-way ANOVA are highlighted in bold
Values are expressed as mean ± SE (b) and Median (minimum - maximum) (c)
^{*, **, ***} Statistically significant difference from corresponding low- exposed group at p < 0.05, < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively by Mann-Whitney U test
^##Statistically significant difference from corresponding medium-exposed group at p < 0.01 by Mann-Whitney U test
^dOlive tail moment is the product of the tail length and the fraction of total DNA in the tail

ISSN: 1476-069X