Table 4 Regression slopes (95% CI) for the associations (per SD = 1 increase) between air pollutant and children’s health depending on the level of confounder adjustment (in bold the significant associations, p < 0.05)

 NO₂

0.77

(−2.2, 3.8)

1.22

(−2.0, 4.4)

1.25

(−2.5, 5.0)

1.18

(−2.6, 5.0)

 NO_x

−0.42

(−3.4, 2.5)

− 0.25

(− 3.5, 3.0)

−1.47

(−5.3, 2.3)

−1.32

(−5.2, 2.5)

 PM_2.5

− 0.63

(− 3.6, 2.4)

−1.49

(−4.8, 1.8)

−1.87

(− 5.6, 1.9)

−1.57

(− 5.4, 2.3)

 PM₁₀

0.60

(−2.4, 3.6)

0.84

(−2.4, 4.1)

− 0.48

(−4.2, 3.2)

− 0.54

(− 4.3, 3.2)

 PM_2.5abs

0.42

(− 2.6, 3.4)

0.58

(−2.7, 3.8)

− 0.58

(−4.3, 3.1)

− 0.63

(− 4.4, 3.1)

 NO₂

−1.15

(−5.2, 2.9)

−2.62

(−7.1, 1.8)

− 1.01

(− 6.2, 4.2)

− 1.27

(− 6.5, 4.0)

 NO_x

− 1.92

(− 5.8, 2.0)

−2.29

(− 6.8, 2.2)

−2.43

(−7.5, 2.6)

− 2.14

(− 7.3, 3.0)

 PM_2.5

2.01

(−2.1, 6.1)

3.48

(− 1.1, 8.1)

4.26

(− 1.0, 9.5)

4.65

(− 0.7, 10)

 PM₁₀

− 1.45

(− 5.5, 2.6)

− 2.44

(−6.9–2.0)

−1.67

(− 6.7, 3.4)

− 1.91

(− 7.0, 3.2)

 PM_2.5abs

− 1.28

(− 5.3, 2.8)

−2.27

(−6.8, 2.2)

− 1.68

(− 6.8, 3.4)

−1.94

(− 7.1, 3.2)

 NO₂

−0.79

(−1.8, 0.2)

− 0.80

(− 1.8, 0.2)

− 1.50

(− 2.8, − 0.2)

−1.53

(− 2.8, − 0.2)

 NO_x

−0.90

(− 1.9, 0.1)

− 0.92

(−1.9, 0.1)

− 1.33

(− 2.6, − 0.1)

−1.35

(− 2.7, − 0.1)

 PM_2.5

−0.54

(− 1.6, 0.5)

−0.60

(− 1.7, 0.5)

−1.34

(− 2.7, − 0.0)

−1.38

(− 2.7, − 0.0)

 PM₁₀

− 1.21

(− 2.3- -0.2)

−1.22

(− 2.3, − 0.2)

−1.44

(− 2.7, − 0.2)

−1.56

(−2.7, − 0.4)

 PM_2.5abs

− 1.25

(− 2.3- -0.2)

− 1.25

(− 2.3, − 0.2)

− 1.48

(− 2.8, − 0.2)

−1.63

(− 2.8, − 0.4)

 NO₂

0.13

(−0.4, 0.7)

0.23

(−0.3, 0.8)

0.38

(−0.3, 1.0)

0.39

(−0.3, 1.1)

 NO_x

0.18

(−0.3, 0.7)

0.19

(−0.4, 0.8)

0.01

(−0.7, 0.7)

−0.07

(− 0.8, 0.6)

 PM_2.5

0.50

(−0.1, 1.0)

0.54

(−0.0, 1.1)

0.59

(−0.1, 1.3)

0.54

(−0.1, 1.2)

 PM₁₀

0.24

(−0.3, 0.8)

0.30

(−0.3, 0.9)

0.32

(−0.3, 1.0)

0.32

(−0.3, 1.0)

 PM_2.5abs

0.20

(−0.3, 0.7)

0.32

(−0.3, 0.9)

0.30

(−0.3, 1.0)

0.31

(−0.3, 1.0)

 NO₂

0.09

(−0.5, 0.6)

0.23

(−0.3, 0.8)

0.26

(−0.4, 0.9)

0.27

(−0.4, 0.9)

 NO_x

−0.24

(−0.7, 0.3)

0.11

(−0.7, 0.5)

− 0.16

(− 0.8, 0.5)

−0.07

(− 0.8, 0.6)

 PM_2.5

0.28

(−0.3, 0.8)

0.27

(−0.0, 1.1)

0.31

(−0.4, 1.0)

0.36

(−0.3, 1.0)

 PM₁₀

0.11

(−0.4, 0.6)

0.21

(−0.4, 0.8)

0.22

(−0.4, 0.9)

0.27

(−0.4, 0.9)

 PM_2.5abs

0.13

(−0.4, 0.7)

0.32

(−0.2, 0.9)

0.30

(−0.3, 1.0)

0.30

(−0.4, 1.0)