Environmental Health

Table 4 Mediation analysis with the Aalen additive hazard model, data from 4304 subjects

From: Smoking-induced risk of future cardiovascular disease is partly mediated by cadmium in tobacco: Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort Study

Aimed event	Smoking status	Direct effect¹		Indirect effect¹		Total effect¹		PM²
Aimed event	Smoking status	estimate	95% CI³	estimate	95% CI³	estimate	95% CI³	PM²
Acute coronary event	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	0.25	−0.73, 1.22	0.0044	− 0.030, 0.044	0.25	− 0.72, 1.23
	Recent former smoker	1.80	−0.13, 3.73	0.044	−0.24, 0.33	1.84	−0.088, 3.77	2%
	Current smoker	2.34^a	0.51, 4.17	0.18	−0.95, 1.31	2.52^a	1.13, 3.90	7%
Major adverse coronary event	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	0.79	−0.33, 1.92	0.036	−0.013, 0.11	0.83	−0.29, 1.96
	Recent former smoker	1.96	−0.23, 4.15	0.37	−0.015, 0.78	2.33^a	0.16, 4.51	16%
	Current smoker	1.10	−0.94, 3.14	1.50	−0.030, 3.05	2.60^a	1.07, 4.13	58%
Stroke	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	−0.56	−1.45, 0.32	0.0051	−0.027, 0.043	−0.55	−1.44, 0.33
	Recent former smoker	0.82	−0.89, 2.52	0.046	−0.20, 0.30	0.86	−0.85, 2.59	5%
	Current smoker	1.10	−0.61, 2.81	0.18	−0.79, 1.16	1.28^a	0.028, 2.53	14%
Cardiovascular mortality	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	0.49	−0.29, 1.26	0.0019	−0.031, 0.037	0.49	−0.29, 1.26
	Recent former smoker	0.81	−0.62, 2.24	0.017	−0.22, 0.26	0.82	−0.57, 2.22	2%
	Current smoker	2.57^a	0.97, 4.17	0.065	−0.89, 1.01	2.63^a	1.40, 3.88	3%
All-cause mortality	Never smoker
	Long time former smoker	1.29	−0.12, 2.70	0.059	−0.012, 0.17	1.35	−0.055, 2.76
	Recent former smoker	2.95^a	0.28, 5.62	0.52	−0.010, 1.09	3.48^a	0.86, 6.11	15%
	Current smoker	8.26^a	5.24, 11.3	2.08	−0.062, 4.21	10.3^a	8.05, 12.6	20%

¹ The effects are presented as number of additional cases per 1000 person-years; ²PM: proportion mediated (presented for recent former smokers and current smokers); ³ 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; 4) ^adenotes P < 0.05

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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