Table 4 Pooled cohort study of asbestos cement workers in Italy. Cause specific mortality by gender and time since first exposure for selected diseases

MALES

Causes of death

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

All causes

137

0.89 (0.75–1.05)

514

1.05 (0.96–1.14)

1099

1.14** (1.08–1.21)

1601

1.29** (1.22–1.35)

1463

1.31** (1.25–1.38)

777

1.31** (1.22–1.40)

Malignant neoplasm

32

0.69* (0.47–0.97)

173

1.02 (0.87–1.18)

469

1.32** (1.20–1.44)

752

1.63** (1.51–1.75)

660

1.70** (1.58–1.84)

256

1.52** (1.34–1.72)

MN stomach

4

0.72 (0.20–1.85)

16

0.84 (0.48–1.36)

25

0.72 (0.47–1.06)

53

1.36* (1.02–1.78)

30

1.03 (0.70–1.47)

8

0.66 (0.29–1.30)

MN colon

3

1.25 (0.26–3.64)

7

0.77 (0.31–1.58)

19

0.94 (0.57–1.47)

32

1.09 (0.75–1.54)

34

1.21 (0.84–1.70)

22

1.66* (1.04–2.51)

MN rectum

–

–

4

0.82 (0.22–2.10)

3

0.29* (0.06–0.85)

11

0.81 (0.41–1.46)

16

1.45 (0.83–2.36)

6

1.22 (0.45–2.65)

MN peritoneum

–

–

–

–

10

5.77** (2.77–10.61)

23

10.38** (6.58–15.57)

46

31.62** (23.15–42.18)

23

47.13** (29.87–70.71)

MN respiratory organs

16

0.97 (0.55–1.57)

80

1.27* (1.00–1.58)

237

1.80** (1.58–2.04)

410

2.50** (2.26–2.75)

321

2.51** (2.25–2.80)

120

2.45** (2.03–2.93)

MN larynx

1

0.57 (0.01–3.16)

4

0.62 (0.17–1.60)

11

0.96 (0.48–1.71)

9

0.77 (0.35–1.47)

20

2.63** (1.61–4.06)

5

1.73 (0.56–4.03)

MN lung

13

0.92 (0.49–1.57)

62

1.13 (0.87–1.45)

185

1.59 ** (1.37–1.84)

289

1.97** (1.75–2.21)

198

1.72** (1.49–1.98)

73

1.67** (1.31–2.10)

MN pleura

–

–

13

13.12** (6.99–22.44)

39

14.98** (10.65–20.48)

109

27.00** (22.17–32.57)

103

25.41** (20.74–30.82)

41

23.67** (16.98–32.11)

Respiratory diseases

4

0.75 (0.20–1.92)

28

1.25 (0.83–1.81)

98

1.82** (1.48–2.22)

188

2.30** (1.98–2.65)

202

2.31** (2.00–2.65)

159

2.79** (2.38–3.26)

Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma

2

0.85 (0.10–3.09)

7

0.60 (0.24–1.24)

36

1.26 (0.88–1.74)

47

1.19 (0.87–1.58)

35

1.17 (0.81–1.63)

23

1.52 (0.96–2.28)

Asbestosis

–

–

9

241.37** (110.36–458.20)

41

442.77** (317.74–600.67)

94

469.65** (379.53–574.73)

106

491.34** (402.26–594.27)

98

729.36** (592.13–888.86)

Cardiovascular diseases

30

0.73 (0.49–1.04)

131

0.82* (0.69–0.98)

282

0.83** (0.74–0.93)

415

0.91 (0.83–1.00)

368

0.88* (0.80–0.98)

218

0.89 (0.77–1.01)

Digestive diseases

14

0.97 (0.53–1.63)

35

0.76 (0.53–1.06)

73

0.99 (0.78–1.25)

77

1.06 (0.84–1.33)

52

1.01 (0.75–1.32)

25

1.06 (0.69–1.56)

Accidents and violence

35

1.19 (0.83–1.66)

55

1.15 (0.87–1.50)

44

0.78 (0.57–1.04)

38

0.77 (0.55–1.06)

25

0.73 (0.47–1.08)

24

1.38 (0.88–2.05)

FEMALES

Causes of death

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

n

SMR (95% CI)

All causes

9

1.26 (0.58–2.40)

29

1.06 (0.71–1.52)

83

1.09 (0.87–1.36)

196

1.37** (1.18–1.57)

266

1.26** (1.11–1.42)

452

1.48** (1.35–1.62)

Malignant neoplasm

1

0.33 (0.01–1.84)

17

1.38 (0.80–2.21)

46

1.42* (1.04–1.89)

91

1.67** (1.34–2.05)

115

1.70** (1.41–2.05)

144

1.97** (1.66–2.32)

MN stomach

–

–

3

3.28 (0.68–9.57)

2

0.84 (0.10–3.04)

7

1.82 (0.73–3.76)

5

1.11 (0.36–2.59)

5

1.03 (0.34–2.41)

MN colon

–

–

1

1.23 (0.03–6.85)

1

0.43 (0.01–2.42)

7

1.68 (0.68–3.46)

8

1.40 (0.60–2.75)

9

1.30 (0.60–2.48)

MN rectum

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

1.13 (0.14–4.10)

4

1.89 (0.51–4.83)

5

2.13 (0.69–2.48)

MN peritoneum

–

–

–

–

1

3.34 (0.08–18.60)

1

2.05 (0.05–11.40)

7

10.96** (4.41–22.59)

22

46.17** (28.94–69.91)

MN respiratory organs

–

–

4

4.09* (1.11–10.47)

11

3.61** (1.80–6.46)

36

6.30** (4.41–8.72)

39

5.04** (3.59–6.89)

40

4.85** (3.46–6.60)

MN larynx

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

6.31 (0.16–35.16)

–

–

1

6.25 (0.16–34.80)

MN lung

–

–

2

2.38 (0.29–8.59)

5

1.87 (0.61–4.36)

11

2.18* (1.09–3.90)

10

1.46 (0.70–2.69)

10

1.38 (0.66–2.54)

MN pleura

–

–

2

36.54** (4.42–131.98)

6

35.46** (13.01–77.17)

23

63.45** (40.22–95.20)

29

52.38** (35.08–75.23)

29

41.48** (27.78–59.58)

MN ovary

–

–

–

–

2

1.04 (0.13–3.74)

4

1.27 (0.35–3.25)

4

1.14 (0.31–2.93)

9

2.83* (1.30–5.38)

Respiratory diseases

–

–

–

–

1

0.39 (0.01–2.15)

14

2.46** (1.34–4.12)

19

1.88* (1.13–2.94)

58

3.23** (2.46–4.18)

Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma

–

–

–

–

–

–

6

2.73* (1.00–5.95)

2

0.65 (0.08–2.33)

8

2.05 (0.88–4.04)

Asbestosis

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

727.34** (236.09–1697.31)

11

880.35** (439.46–1575.19)

35

1331.02** (927.11–1851.15)

Cardiovascular diseases

3

2.29 (0.47–6.70)

4

0.60 (0.16–1.55)

11

0.48** (0.24–0.85)

60

1.17 (0.89–1.50)

80

0.95 (0.75–1.18)

149

1.08 (0.91–1.27)

Digestive diseases

–

–

1

0.51 (0.01–2.84)

7

1.34 (0.54–2.78)

10

1.17 (0.56–2.16)

16

1.47 (0.84–2.38)

11

0.82 (0.41–1.46)

Accidents and violence

5

4.41* (1.43–10.30)

4

1.70 (0.46–4.34)

5

1.23 (0.40–2.86)

6

1.11 (0.41–2.41)

6

0.91 (0.33–1.97)

9

0.99 (0.45–1.88)