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Table 2 Mean (SEM) daily dietary intake of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients in the processed red and unprocessed white meat group during the low and high drinking water periods

From: Impact of high drinking water nitrate levels on the endogenous formation of apparent N-nitroso compounds in combination with meat intake in healthy volunteers

Daily dietary intake

Mean (standard error of the mean)

Unprocessed white meat group

Processed red meat group

 

Overalla

Low NO3 drinking water levels

(<  1.5 mg/L)

High NO3 drinking water levels

(ADI-levels)

Overalla

Low NO3 drinking water levels

(< 1.5 mg/L)

High NO3 drinking water levels

(ADI-levels)

Energy (kcal)

1927.7 (109.1)

1932.6 (104.0)

1928.9 (126.0)

2154.3 (69.2)

2119.0 (85.4)

2191.8 (72.9)

Fat (g)

67.9 (3.2)

70.8 (3.1)

65.5 (4.2)

81.7 (4.1) *

81.4 (5.5)

82.0 (4.7) *

Saturated fat (g)

26.5 (1.3)

28.2 (1.2)

25.0 (1.6)

31.7 (2.3)

31.3 (2.8)

32.2 (2.6) *

Carbohydrates (g)

194.4 (18.6)

189.7 (17.4)

199.5 (20.6)

214.3 (18.1)

209.0 (18.9)

219.9 (17.8)

Protein (g)

121.7 (3.9)

120.6 (4.5)

123.2 (4.7)

124.6 (21.4)

121.4 (20.0)

128.0 (23.0)

Fibers (g)

18.6 (2.0)

18.4 (1.9)

18.9 (2.2)

24.5 (2.6)

23.7 (2.3)

25.2 (3.0)

Nitrate (mg)

140 (35.5)

36.0 (3.4)

244 (15.8) ###

154.2 (36.9)

53.8 (7.5)

255 (17.9) ###

Nitrite (mg)

1.0 (0.1)

1.0 (0.1)

1.1 (0.1)

2.4 (0.1) ***

2.5 (0.1) ***

2.2 (0.2) ***

Sodium (mg)

3202.6 (276.0)

3152.5 (348.7)

3029.6 (325.0)

5813.1 (329.3) **

5500.7 (203.3) **

6130.2 (496.5) **

Potassium (mg)

3136.4 (261.4)

3131.8 (252.9)

3171.4 (289.3)

3179.4 (199.6)

3235.8 (180.9)

3124.2 (233.4)

Calcium (mg)

693.7 (98.8)

707.9 (104.0)

907.0 (236.7)

706.6 (66.2)

696.6 (85.2)

719.1 (61.7)

Magnesium (g)

332.5 (29.5)

330.0 (29.7)

364.2 (37.9)

332.1 (23.3)

328.2 (21.4)

336.3 (26.1)

Iron (mg)

10.7 (1.4)

11.0 (1.5)

37.4 (26.4)

11.2 (0.9)

11.1 (0.7)

11.3 (1.2)

Selenium (μg)

65.8 (1.9)

66.2 (3.1)

65.8 (2.1)

55.9 (2.5) **

56.4 (2.9) *

55.3 (3.2) *

Zinc (mg)

9.0 (0.8)

9.1 (0.9)

8.8 (0.8)

11.6 (0.6) *

11.4 (0.5)

11.8 (0.8) *

Vitamin A (μg)

464.9 (40.0)

485.8 (41.2)

446.3 (46.6)

398.6 (38.0)

388.6 (31.6)

409.0 (55.2)

Vitamin D (μg)

1.9 (0.3)

1.9 (0.3)

2.0 (0.3)

2.8 (0.2) *

2.7 (0.3)

2.9 (0.2) *

Vitamin E (mg)

9.6 (0.5)

9.5 (0.6)

9.7 (0.6)

8.1 (0.9)

7.8 (0.9)

8.5 (1.1)

Vitamin B1 (mg)

0.8 (0.1)

0.8 (0.1)

0.8 (0.1)

2.0 (0.1) **

2.0 (0.1) **

2.0 (0.1) **

Vitamin B2 (mg)

1.3 (0.2)

1.3 (0.2)

1.3 (0.2)

1.3 (0.1)

1.3 (0.1)

1.3 (0.1)

Vitamin B6 (mg)

2.5 (0.0)

2.4 (0.1)

2.5 (0.1)

1.8 (0.1) **

1.8 (0.1) **

1.8 (0.1) **

Folic acid (μg)

225.6 (49.0)

228.1 (49.2)

223.4 (49.2)

213.2 (14.3)

218.4 (16.9)

208.2 (13.4)

Vitamin B12 (μg)

3.8 (0.6)

3.7 (0.6)

3.9 (0.6)

3.3 (0.2)

3.3 (0.3)

3.3 (0.3)

Nicotinic acid (mg)

34.7 (1.3)

35.0 (1.6)

34.5 (1.4)

24.6 (1.3) **

24.6 (1.0) **

24.6 (1.8) **

Vitamin C (mg)

57.8 (7.9)

54.6 (8.0)

61.3 (11.0)

75.9 (10.2)

77.5 (11.4)

74.4 (10.3)

  1. aoverall: data combined for low and high drinking water period;
  2. *p < 0.05;**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Independent t-test processed red meat group vs unprocessed white meat group;
  3. ###p < 0.001; Paired samples t-tests comparing means between individuals (i.e. low versus high drinking water nitrate)