Table 3 Mean (standard error of the mean)) of urinary nitrate, 1-Methylhistidine, and 3-Methylhistidineexcretion, faecal water apparent nitroso compounds (ATNC) and Comet assay tail intensity levels for the unprocessed white and processed red meat group at baseline and after the low and high-nitrate (NO₃⁻) drinking water periods

Urinary NO₃⁻ [μmol/day]

740 (218)

375 (67)

1071 (111)

< 0.001^a

0.19^b

0.13^c

714 (110)

634 (255)

1572 (295)

< 0.05^a

0.05^b

0.78^c

Urinary 1-Methylhistidine [μmol/day]

25.1 (7.0)

15.8 (3.3)

18.6 (5.0)

0.64^a

0.46^b

0.25^c

20.7 (3.5)

29.1 (7.0)

31.2 (5.5)

0.81^a

< 0.05^b

0.30^c

Urinary 3-Methylhistidine [μmol/day]

63.9 (36.9)

256.6 (50.9)

296.8 (98.4)

0.72^a

< 0.01^b,c

73.4 (23.0)

26.2 (11.3)

11.8 (2.5)

0.24^a

< 0.05^b

0.09^c

Faecal water ATNC^† [μmol/L]

15.8 (3.2)

14.7 (3.8)

30.2 (6.0)

< 0.05^a

0.05^b

0.83^c

16.7 (3.0)

17.6 (3.2)

44.2 (7.7)

< 0.01^a,b

0.84^c

Comet^d

100.0 (0.0)

157.3 (37.9)

152.9 (50.4)

0.89^a

0.35^b

0.16^c

100.0 (0.0)

173.2 (28.7)

138.0 (23.4)

0.35^a

0.21^b

< 0.05^c