| Airflow obstruction | Restrictive Pattern | Healthy |
---|---|---|---|
FEV1/FVC < 0.70 (n = 458) | FEV1/FVC > 0.70 FVC < 80% predicted (n = 307) | FEV1/FVC > 0.70 FVC > 80% predicted (n = 1367) | |
Age, years | 59.2 (0.3) | 56.1 (0.5) | 54.5 (0.2) |
Female | 226 (49.3%) | 206 (67.1%) | 860 (62.9%) |
Education | |||
 No high school (HS) | 122 (26.6%) | 68 (21.1%) | 187 (13.7%) |
 Some HS | 111 (24.2%) | 69 (22.4%) | 313 (22.9%) |
 Completed HS or higher | 225 (49.2%) | 170 (55.4%) | 867 (63.4%) |
Smoking status | |||
 Never | 113 (24.7%) | 109 (35.5%) | 451 (33.0%) |
 Former | 134 (29.3%) | 91 (29.6%) | 443 (32.4%) |
 Current | 211 (46.1%) | 107 (34.9%) | 473 (34.6%) |
Smoking pack years | 18.2 (0.9) | 9.2 (0.7) | 8.2 (0.3) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0 (0.2) | 33.0 (0.4) | 31.4 (0.2) |
Diabetes | 168 (36.7%) | 185 (60.3%) | 539 (39.4%) |
Urine ∑As, μg/g creatinine | 11.1 (6.2–16.1) | 12.0 (6.2–20.2) | 9.5 (5.6–15.7) |
iAs, % | 8.5 (5.9–11.7) | 7.6 (5.6–10.7) | 7.7 (5.5–11.0) |
MMA, % | 14.7 (11.3–18.5) | 12.8 (10.5–16.2) | 13.8 (10.8–17.2) |
FEV1, %predicted | 77.7 (0.8) | 73.6 (0.6) | 100.2 (0.3) |
FVC, %predicted | 93.9 (0.8) | 69.4 (0.5) | 98.6 (0.3) |
FEV1/FVC, % | 62.2 (0.3) | 81.4 (0.4) | 78.2 (0.1) |
Inhaled steroids | 8 (1.7%) | 8 (2.6%) | 36 (2.6%) |
Self-reported chronic bronchitis | 59 (13.0%) | 49 (16.1%) | 112 (8.3%) |
Self-reported emphysema | 34 (7.5%) | 19 (6.3%) | 25 (1.8%) |
Self-reported asthma | 59 (13.1%) | 40 (13.1%) | 87 (6.4%) |
Medical record tuberculosis | 83 (18.1%) | 54 (17.6%) | 155 (11.3%) |
Self-reported cough | 140 (30.6%) | 84 (27.5%) | 252 (18.5%) |
Cough 4–6x/week | 92 (64.8%) | 54 (63.5%) | 158 (61.5%) |
Phlegm | 89 (62.2%) | 51 (60.0%) | 161 (59.9%) |
Shortness of breath | 221 (48.6%) | 169 (57.1%) | 585 (43.1%) |
Stopping for breath | 97 (41.8%) | 72 (42.4%) | 186 (31.3%) |