Low-moderate arsenic exposure and respiratory in American Indian communities in the Strong Heart Study

Table 3 Weighted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) of Airflow Obstruction and Restrictive Pattern, Defined Based on Fixed Ratios, by Urinary Arsenic Concentration

	Inorganic Plus Methylated Arsenic Species μg/g creatinine				P-trend^e
	Tertile 1 ≤7.0^d	Tertile 2 7.1–13.9^d	Tertile 3 ≥14.0^d	75th vs. 25th Percentile^f
Airflow obstruction^a/Healthy^b	157/600	167/469	134/298	458/1367
Model 1	1.00 (Ref)	1.15 (0.93, 1.43)	1.45 (1.10, 1.91)	1.27 (1.08, 1.51)	0.005
Model 2	1.00 (Ref)	1.11 (0.89, 1.39)	1.34 (1.01, 1.77)	1.21 (1.01, 1.43)	0.03
Model 3	1.00 (Ref)	1.12 (0.90, 1.40)	1.33 (0.99, 1.77)	1.17 (0.99, 1.38)	0.07
Model 4	1.00 (Ref)	1.12 (0.90, 1.41)	1.33 (0.99, 1.79)	1.17 (0.99, 1.40)	0.07
Restrictive pattern^c/ Healthy^b	125/600	89/469	93/298	307/1367
Model 1	1.00 (Ref)	0.92 (0.69, 1.23)	1.32 (0.92, 1.91)	1.25 (0.99, 1.57)	0.06
Model 2	1.00 (Ref)	0.91 (0.68, 1.22)	1.30 (0.90, 1.89)	1.23 (0.98, 1.55)	0.07
Model 3	1.00 (Ref)	0.92 (0.68, 1.23)	1.34 (0.92, 1.96)	1.27 (1.01, 1.60)	0.04
Model 4	1.00 (Ref)	0.88 (0.65, 1.19)	1.16 (0.78, 1.73)	1.18 (0.93, 1.50)	0.18

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, education, site
Model 2: further adjusted for smoking status and smoking pack-year
Model 3: further adjusted for eGFR, tuberculosis, and BMI
Model 4: sensitivity analysis: further adjusted for diabetes
^aFixed airflow obstruction: FEV1/FVC < 0.70
^bHealthy: FEV1/FVC > 0.70 & FVC > 80% predicted
^cRestrictive pattern: FEV1/FVC > 0.70 & FVC < 80% predicted
^dTertiles are range; calculated based on overall population; sum of iAs, MMA, DMA μg/g creatinine
^eP-trend calculated modeling log-arsenic as continuous
^fComparison of the 75th and 25th percentiles (interquartile range) of urinary arsenic concentrations (16.7 vs. 5.8 μg/g creatinine)

ISSN: 1476-069X