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Table 1 Distribution (%) of asthma related health outcomes in 5-year-old children (n = 981) according to child, maternal and upbringing characteristics in the Odense Child Cohort

From: Association between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and asthma in 5-year-old children in the Odense Child Cohort

   

Wheeze

Self-reported asthma

Doctor-diagnosed asthma

n

%

Yes % 19.0 (n = 186)

No % 81.0 (n = 795)

Yes % 2.6 (n = 25)

No % 97.4 (n = 956)

Yes % 4.5 (n = 44)

No % 95.5 (n = 937)

Sex

 Boy

511

52.1

64.5 *

49.2 *

52.0

52.1

86.4 *

50.5 *

 Girl

470

47.9

35.8 *

50.8 *

48.0

47.9

13.6 *

49.5 *

Birthweight (grams)

  < 2500

25

2.6

2.2

2.6

4.0

2.5

2.3

2.5

 2500–4500

928

94.6

94.1

94.8

96.0

94.6

90.9

94.8

  > 4500

28

2.8

3.7

2.6

0.0

2.9

6.8

2.7

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

 Yes

37

3.8

4.3

3.6

4.0

3.8

6.8

3.6

 No

944

96.2

95.7

96.4

96.0

96.2

93.2

96.4

Breastfeedinga

  < 4 weeks

87

10.8

12.1

10.5

30.0 *

10.3 *

8.6

10.9

 4–19 weeks

132

16.4

17.8

16.0

10.0 *

16.5 *

14.3

16.5

  > 19 weeks

587

72.8

70.1

73.5

60.0 *

73.2 *

77.1

72.6

Age (years)

  < 28

250

25.5

31.2

24.1

36.0

25.2

34.1

25.1

 28–34

492

50.2

46.2

51.1

52.0

50.1

47.7

50.3

  > 34

239

24.3

22.6

24.8

12.0

24.7

18.2

24.6

BMI (kg/m2)

  < 20

109

11.1

11.3 *

11.1 *

8.0

11.2

11.4

11.1

 20–25

543

55.4

46.2 *

57.5 *

52.0

55.4

45.5

55.8

  > 25

329

33.5

42.5 *

31.4 *

40.0

33.4

43.2

33.1

Parity

 Nulliparous

565

57.6

56.5

58.0

68.0

57.3

50.0

58.0

 Multiparous

416

42.4

43.5

42.0

32.0

42.7

50.0

42.0

Smoking

 Yes

39

4.0

5.4

3.7

4.0

4.0

11.4 *

3.6 *

 No

942

96.0

94.6

96.3

96.0

96.0

88.6 *

96.4 *

Education levelb

 Lower

244

25.2

33.7 *

23.2 *

32.0

25.0

32.6

24.8

 Intermediate

502

51.7

44.8 *

53.4 *

40.0

52.0

53.5

51.7

 Higher

224

23.1

21.5 *

23.4 *

28.0

23.0

13.9

23.5

Family asthma

 Yes

156

15.9

25.3 *

13.7 *

36.0 *

15.4 *

36.4 *

14.9 *

 No

825

84.1

74.7 *

86.3 *

64.0 *

84.6 *

63.6 *

85.1 *

Doctor-diagnosed atopic dermatitis

 Yes

60

6.1

10.2 *

5.2 *

20.0 *

5.8 *

11.4

5.9

 No

921

93.9

89.8 *

94.8 *

80.0 *

94.2 *

88.6

94.1

Doctor-diagnosed rhinitis

 Yes

20

2.0

4.3 *

1.5 *

0.0

2.1

9.1 *

1.7 *

 No

961

98.0

95.7 *

98.5 *

100.0

97.9

90.9 *

98.3 *

Smoking in household

 Yes

141

14.4

17.2

13.7

12.0

14.4

18.2

14.2

 No

840

85.6

82.8

86.3

88.0

85.6

81.8

85.8

Pets in householdc

 Indoor

327

35.5

41.6

33.9

40.0

35.3

47.7

34.8

 Outdoor

50

5.4

4.3

5.7

4.0

5.5

2.3

5.6

 No

545

59.1

54.1

60.4

56.0

59.2

50.0

59.6

  1. a) Missing (n = 175). b) Missing (n = 11). c) Missing (n = 59)
  2. * p < 0.05 (Chi2 test)