Wheeze | Self-reported asthma | Doctor-diagnosed asthma | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Yes % 19.0 (n = 186) | No % 81.0 (n = 795) | Yes % 2.6 (n = 25) | No % 97.4 (n = 956) | Yes % 4.5 (n = 44) | No % 95.5 (n = 937) | |
Sex | ||||||||
Boy | 511 | 52.1 | 64.5 * | 49.2 * | 52.0 | 52.1 | 86.4 * | 50.5 * |
Girl | 470 | 47.9 | 35.8 * | 50.8 * | 48.0 | 47.9 | 13.6 * | 49.5 * |
Birthweight (grams) | ||||||||
< 2500 | 25 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
2500–4500 | 928 | 94.6 | 94.1 | 94.8 | 96.0 | 94.6 | 90.9 | 94.8 |
> 4500 | 28 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 6.8 | 2.7 |
Preterm (< 37 weeks) | ||||||||
Yes | 37 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 6.8 | 3.6 |
No | 944 | 96.2 | 95.7 | 96.4 | 96.0 | 96.2 | 93.2 | 96.4 |
Breastfeedinga | ||||||||
< 4 weeks | 87 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 30.0 * | 10.3 * | 8.6 | 10.9 |
4–19 weeks | 132 | 16.4 | 17.8 | 16.0 | 10.0 * | 16.5 * | 14.3 | 16.5 |
> 19 weeks | 587 | 72.8 | 70.1 | 73.5 | 60.0 * | 73.2 * | 77.1 | 72.6 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
< 28 | 250 | 25.5 | 31.2 | 24.1 | 36.0 | 25.2 | 34.1 | 25.1 |
28–34 | 492 | 50.2 | 46.2 | 51.1 | 52.0 | 50.1 | 47.7 | 50.3 |
> 34 | 239 | 24.3 | 22.6 | 24.8 | 12.0 | 24.7 | 18.2 | 24.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
< 20 | 109 | 11.1 | 11.3 * | 11.1 * | 8.0 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.1 |
20–25 | 543 | 55.4 | 46.2 * | 57.5 * | 52.0 | 55.4 | 45.5 | 55.8 |
> 25 | 329 | 33.5 | 42.5 * | 31.4 * | 40.0 | 33.4 | 43.2 | 33.1 |
Parity | ||||||||
Nulliparous | 565 | 57.6 | 56.5 | 58.0 | 68.0 | 57.3 | 50.0 | 58.0 |
Multiparous | 416 | 42.4 | 43.5 | 42.0 | 32.0 | 42.7 | 50.0 | 42.0 |
Smoking | ||||||||
Yes | 39 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 11.4 * | 3.6 * |
No | 942 | 96.0 | 94.6 | 96.3 | 96.0 | 96.0 | 88.6 * | 96.4 * |
Education levelb | ||||||||
Lower | 244 | 25.2 | 33.7 * | 23.2 * | 32.0 | 25.0 | 32.6 | 24.8 |
Intermediate | 502 | 51.7 | 44.8 * | 53.4 * | 40.0 | 52.0 | 53.5 | 51.7 |
Higher | 224 | 23.1 | 21.5 * | 23.4 * | 28.0 | 23.0 | 13.9 | 23.5 |
Family asthma | ||||||||
Yes | 156 | 15.9 | 25.3 * | 13.7 * | 36.0 * | 15.4 * | 36.4 * | 14.9 * |
No | 825 | 84.1 | 74.7 * | 86.3 * | 64.0 * | 84.6 * | 63.6 * | 85.1 * |
Doctor-diagnosed atopic dermatitis | ||||||||
Yes | 60 | 6.1 | 10.2 * | 5.2 * | 20.0 * | 5.8 * | 11.4 | 5.9 |
No | 921 | 93.9 | 89.8 * | 94.8 * | 80.0 * | 94.2 * | 88.6 | 94.1 |
Doctor-diagnosed rhinitis | ||||||||
Yes | 20 | 2.0 | 4.3 * | 1.5 * | 0.0 | 2.1 | 9.1 * | 1.7 * |
No | 961 | 98.0 | 95.7 * | 98.5 * | 100.0 | 97.9 | 90.9 * | 98.3 * |
Smoking in household | ||||||||
Yes | 141 | 14.4 | 17.2 | 13.7 | 12.0 | 14.4 | 18.2 | 14.2 |
No | 840 | 85.6 | 82.8 | 86.3 | 88.0 | 85.6 | 81.8 | 85.8 |
Pets in householdc | ||||||||
Indoor | 327 | 35.5 | 41.6 | 33.9 | 40.0 | 35.3 | 47.7 | 34.8 |
Outdoor | 50 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 2.3 | 5.6 |
No | 545 | 59.1 | 54.1 | 60.4 | 56.0 | 59.2 | 50.0 | 59.6 |