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Table 5 Generalized estimating equation analysis of ≥ 2 repeated measurements of cardiovascular disease markers over 4 years

From: Longitudinal follow-up of health effects among workers handling engineered nanomaterials: a panel study

 

Control

Risk Level 1

Risk Level 2

GEE analysis coefficient B (SE)

Model 1

Model 2

Variablesa

N

Mean ± SD

N

Mean ± SD

N

Mean ± SD

RL1*Time

RL2*Time

RL1*Time

Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 1st

35

263.56 ± 45.17

53

274.17 ± 49.14

46

286.77 ± 67.83

-3.420 (3.136)

-6.490 (3.494)

-3.248 (1.746)

Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 2nd

75

249.49 ± 43.28

80

263.08 ± 56.28

67

261.08 ± 51.43

Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 3rd

72

219.14 ± 42.73

74

217.83 ± 42.33

72

225.28 ± 43.47

Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 4th

75

213.5 ± 54.15

67

225.52 ± 57.38

63

218.51 ± 62.15

Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 5th

64

221.2 ± 54.41

52

225.57 ± 61.48

57

219.59 ± 66.26

VCAM (ng/mL) 1st

34

612.9 ± 151.48

53

590.67 ± 178.76

46

642.79 ± 203.85

-24.322 (10.469) ★

-33.739 (10.115) ★★

-16.788(4.937)

VCAM (ng/mL) 2nd

75

462.74 ± 160.74

81

516.37 ± 166.86

68

514.06 ± 164.67

VCAM (ng/mL) 3rd

71

429.03 ± 127.83

72

426.52 ± 139.26

71

393.77 ± 131.75

VCAM (ng/mL) 4th

79

372.81 ± 101.62

68

359.93 ± 100.05

64

375.79 ± 109.01

VCAM (ng/mL) 5th

64

565.41 ± 106.74

52

563.16 ± 103.29

56

569.2 ± 126.19

ICAM (ng/mL) 1st

35

505.42 ± 137.68

53

463.57 ± 136.36

46

498.75 ± 150.27

2.674 (8.871)

-0.024 (8.996)

0.243 (4.505)

ICAM (ng/mL) 2nd

75

443.67 ± 202.98

81

525.75 ± 197.94

67

538.21 ± 218.68

ICAM (ng/mL) 3rd

73

421.23 ± 124.21

73

449.52 ± 137.34

71

435.78 ± 138.17

ICAM (ng/mL) 4th

79

331.37 ± 128.31

68

338.84 ± 119.72

65

321.29 ± 132.41

ICAM (ng/mL) 5th

64

222.29 ± 64.61

52

196.7 ± 54.22

56

240.85 ± 83.54

hsCRP (mg/L) 1st

33

0.61 ± 0.55

51

0.72 ± 0.6

39

0.81 ± 0.92

-0.071 (0.044)

-0.038 (0.055)

-0.022 (0.276)

hsCRP (mg/L) 2nd

75

0.7 ± 0.77

74

0.76 ± 0.88

64

0.64 ± 0.71

hsCRP (mg/L) 3rd

67

0.81 ± 0.9

69

1 ± 1.05

69

1.04 ± 1.08

hsCRP (mg/L) 4th

76

0.75 ± 0.77

60

0.73 ± 0.8

61

0.92 ± 0.83

hsCRP (mg/L) 5th

63

0.94 ± 0.97

46

1.06 ± 1.23

54

0.93 ± 0.94

  1. atimes of measurements (1st: at baseline; 2nd: at 6 months later; 3rd: at 18 months later; 4th: at 30 months later; 5th: at 42 months later)
  2. ★★p<0.01; ★0.01<p<0.05
  3. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: Fibrinogen) includes main effects of age, sex, smoking, chewing betel nut, and education.
  4. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: VCAM) includes main effects of sex, and smoking.
  5. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: ICAM) includes main effects of sex, smoking, and asthma.
  6. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: hsCRP) includes main effects of sex, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.