| | Male Mortality | Female Mortality |
|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|
PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 9.30*** | 9.17*** | 9.89*** | 5.00** | 4.80** | 5.50** |
(4.75–13.85) | (4.60–13.73) | (5.15–14.63) | (0.76–9.25) | (0.63–8.97) | (1.16–9.84) |
Weather Controls | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y |
Socioeconomic Controls | N | N | Y | N | N | Y |
County Fixed Effects | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Month Fixed Effects | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Observations | 8274 | 8274 | 8274 | 8274 | 8274 | 8274 |
- Notes: This table reports the instrumental variable regression coefficients and standard errors. Retirement of coal-fired power plants is used as the instrumental variables for monthly PM2.5 concentrations. The dependent variable is the monthly standardized mortality rate per 100, 000 people. Columns 1–3 and 4–6 show estimates for males and females separately. Weather controls include temperature, dew point, and barometric pressure. Socioeconomic controls include median household income and poverty rate. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01
